老年人跌倒的防護

交流

護士：王老師，您怎么啦？

病人：哦，是張護士啊。我剛剛下樓時不小心踩了空，當時左腳踝部痛得不得了，還有惡心。

護士：真是不巧。讓我?guī)湍鷻z查一下。（張護士輕輕地扶起她的左腿，先檢查左膝關節(jié)，無明顯異常發(fā)現，再檢查左踝關節(jié)，能活動，但局部疼痛加劇，左下肢各部位無反常活動，無骨擦音。）

病人：我是不是骨折了？您快告訴我呀。不過現在疼痛已好了點。

護士：王老師，您的情況不算嚴重，從我檢查的結果看沒有骨折。但是要確定您是單純的軟組織損傷還是伴有骨裂，最好通過攝片后才能確定。

病人：如果我有骨裂的話，需要多長時間才能好？

護士：您三周內不能負重。可用石膏托固定受傷踝關節(jié)，同時觀察局部的血液循環(huán)，另外配制一付拐杖，局部進行鍛煉，以防關節(jié)僵硬及肌肉萎縮。

病人：好的。

護士：您現在怎樣了？我現在扶您起來，在邊上的凳子上坐一會兒，我們再觀察一下好嗎？

病人：好的。真該死，我的眼睛從年輕時就不好，嚴重近視，聽醫(yī)生說，現在又有點白內障。

護士：噢，那您更應該小心。老年人本來視敏度、調節(jié)能力和視野下降，加上又有白內障，上下樓梯尤其是下樓梯時更應小心，走路速度要慢。

病人：我有心急的毛病。另外，我鍛煉時不要人家在旁邊看著我，所以我就選擇在人少的地方鍛煉。

護士：王老師，今后您鍛煉時，最好有您的老伴陪著您，這樣你們可以互相照應。還有鍛煉時間最好早一點。如果路上光線不好，很容易跌倒的。

Interactions

Nurse：Teacher Wang，what’s the matter with you？

Patient：Ah，Miss Zhang.I fell from the steps when I came downstairs and felt a sharp pain on my left ankle and also felt nausea.

Nurse：Oh，I’m sorry to hear that.Let me take a look.（Miss Zhang held Ms.Wang’s left leg up gently and checked her knee joint.No abnormality was found.The sore spot was on Ms.Wang’s left anklebone and it was more painful when moved.No obvious abnormal movement and crepitate sounds were noticed.）

Patient：Please tell me，is there any fracture？The pain is a bit less now.

Nurse：Teacher Wang，your injury is not very severe.There dose not seem to be a fracture.But you should take an X-ray to be sure if you just have some soft tissue injury or also have hair line fracture.

Patient：How long would it take to heal if I have a hairline fracture？

Nurse：You should not bear any weight during the first 3weeks.You might need a cast to immobilize your injured ankle joint.You can use a crutch to help you walk and you should monitor the local extremity circulation.You should also do some partial exercise to prevent muscle atrophy and joint stiffness.

Patient：OK.

Nurse：How do you feel now？Let me help you up and sit down on the bench for awhile，we will then monitor the injured ankle a little bit more，OK？

Patient：All right.I have been suffering from severe myopia since I was young，and now my eye doctor told me that I have cataracts.

Nurse：An elder person like you usually suffers decreased visual acuity，decreased accommodation in the eyes，decreased peripheral visions and is more sensible to glares.Since you have severe myopia and some cataract，you should be especially careful when going downstairs.

Patient：I am very impatient.In addition，I select the out-of-the-way place for my exercise because I don’t like people watching me when I exercise.

Nurse：Teacher Wang，you should ask your husband to accompany you when you exercise so you can take care of each other.Also，the time for you to exercise should be early in the evening before dark.It is easer to fall if there is not enough light.