李欣 姜雪莉 宋來


摘 ?要:爆發(fā)力、速度力量耐力是短道速滑運動員最重要的專項力量素質(zhì),專項力量訓(xùn)練的內(nèi)容、方法和手段,對運動訓(xùn)練的有效性和比賽成績有著重要的影響。分析短道速滑專項力量訓(xùn)練常用手段,并針對性地提出不同專項力量訓(xùn)練的內(nèi)容與負(fù)荷控制。認(rèn)為我國優(yōu)秀短道速滑運動員力量訓(xùn)練中,應(yīng)結(jié)合比賽速度和比賽節(jié)奏制定力量訓(xùn)練計劃,提高神經(jīng)肌肉的適應(yīng)能力,讓大腦與肌肉更加協(xié)調(diào)地配合工作,力量訓(xùn)練不僅注意負(fù)荷的大小而且要注意用力的方式,應(yīng)加強速度耐力訓(xùn)練中的力量和步頻的連續(xù)穩(wěn)定性訓(xùn)練。
關(guān)鍵詞:短道速滑;專項力量;訓(xùn)練方法
中圖分類號:G862.9 ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A ? ? ? ? ? ?文章編號:1002–3488(2014)01–0009–05
Analysis on the Special Strength Training Methods and Means of Short Track Speed Skating
LI Xin,JIANG Xue-li,SONG Lai
(Heilongjiang Research Institute of Sports Science, Harbin 150008, China)
Abstract: The explosive force, strength and endurance of speed are the most important quality of the special strength of short track speed skaters, the content, methods and means of special strength training have an important effect on the performance and the effectiveness of training. Analyzing the common method of special strength of short track speed skating, and puts forward different contents and load control of special strength training. The paper thinks that we should make the strength training plan with speed and rhythm of competitions in the strength training of Chinese excellent short track speed skaters, improve the adaptation ability of neuromuscular, let the brain and muscle more coordinated work, strength training not only pays attention to the size of the load but also the hard way, we should strengthen the reliability training of strength and frequency of stride in speed endurance training.
Key words: short track speed skating; special strength; training methods
收稿日期:2013-06-27;修回日期:2013-08-16
基金項目:國家科技支撐計劃課題(2009BAK57B04) 。
第一作作者簡介:李欣(1975-),女,黑龍江哈爾濱人,助理研究員,研究方向為運動人體科學(xué)。
1 ? ?引言
短道速滑具有間歇性、多賽次的特點,既要求技術(shù)又要求體能。在短道速滑項目中,與運動成績相關(guān)聯(lián)的主要訓(xùn)練因素有專項力量素質(zhì)訓(xùn)練、專項速度素質(zhì)訓(xùn)練、專項耐力訓(xùn)練、技術(shù)訓(xùn)練、戰(zhàn)術(shù)能力訓(xùn)練等[1],專項力量訓(xùn)練是短道速滑訓(xùn)練中重要的基本組成部分,通過有效的專項力量訓(xùn)練能快速的提高運動員的運動成績。
我國短道速滑力量訓(xùn)練存在主要問題是:未處理好陸上力量訓(xùn)練與滑冰專項體能的關(guān)系,力量訓(xùn)練未緊密結(jié)合項目特點,存在較大的脫節(jié)現(xiàn)象[2]。短道速滑……