試談主謂語的一致關系

【中圖分類號】G633.41 【文獻標識碼】A 【文章編號】2095-3089（2014）05-0121-01

英語中主語和謂語動詞之間的數的一致關系是比較難掌握的。通常情況下，主語的單、復形式決定著謂語動詞采取相應的形式，但在運用中卻會遇到復雜的情況，現介紹如下：1.謂語動詞必須與作主語的名詞的人稱或人稱代詞人稱和數保持一致。如：Comrade Chen teaches us EnglishThe children are watching TV now.2.兩個單數主語用and 連接，謂語動詞用復數。如：Tom and Jack are playing table tennis.但當and 聯接的兩個主語只表示一個人、一件事或一個概念，謂語動詞用單數。如：The teacher and writer is coming here.如果and 連接的幾個單數名詞用no、each或every等詞修飾，謂語動詞則用單數。如：No bird and no beast is seen in that island.3.many a 或more than one 修飾主語時，謂語動詞多用單數。如：Many a student has done this.More than one person was playing basketball on the playground.4.由as well as、together with、no less than 等短語連接的兩個主語，謂語動詞要和前面的主語保持一致。如：He as well as you is wrong.Mr. Green，together with his wife and children has come to China.The audience was no less than five thousand.5.用or、either…or…、neither…nor…、not only…but also…等連接的兩個單數主語，謂語動詞與最鄰近的一個主語在人稱和數上保持一致。如：Neither he nor I have been to Beijing.Either he or his wife hasn?蒺t come.Not only his father but also his friends are glad to help him.6.由some、any 、no、every等詞構成的合成詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。如：There is nobody in the room.Something is wrong with my watch.7.如果名詞詞組中心詞是all、most、half或the rest，其主謂一致關系應根據所表達的意思來確定。如果所指的是單數意思，謂語動詞應用單數形式；如果所指的是復數意思，謂語動詞則用復數形式。如：Half of the building has been built these years.Half of the students are boys in our class.8.代詞both、a few、many作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。如：Both are doing their maths exercises.但代詞such、either、neither或much作主語時則用單數形式。如：Neither of us has been to the Great Wall.9.a kind of+名詞、this kind of+名詞，無論名詞是單復數形式，謂語動詞都用單數。如：There is a kind of rose(或roses) in the park.有時kind of 之前的限定詞和之后的名詞都是復數形式，謂語動詞也用復數形式。如：Those kinds of flowers are very beautiful.但all kinds of， many kinds of后跟名詞復數形式，謂語動詞也用復數形式。如：All kinds of birds went there.10.a number of后接名詞時須用復數形式，而the number of 則用單數形式。如：A number of students are playing football on the playground now.The number of birds is two hundred.11.主語是表示抽象概念的動詞不定式、動名詞或從句時，謂語動詞用單數。如：To learn English well isn’t easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.12.復數詞形的單數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。如：Physics is a very interesting subject.13.there、here引起的句子，如果有幾個主語時，謂語動詞形式應和最靠近的主語一致。如：There is a bed， two chairs and three desks in the room.There are three desks ，two chairs and a bed in the room.Here is a table， some chairs， and a few desks in the room.14.表示數量、長度、時間、重量等復數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數。如：Five minutes is enough.Five thousand dollars is more than I can afford.15.集體名詞作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待時，謂語動詞用單數。如果作為一個個成員來考慮，則用復數形式。如：The family are watching TV in the room.My family is a big one16.people、police作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。如：Several hundred police are on duty.17.兩個作主語用的名詞或代詞由介詞with連接時，謂語動詞一般與with 前面的一個名詞或代詞的人稱和數一致。如：A woman with a boy is coming this afternoon.18.以定冠詞the+形容詞（或分詞）作主語時，謂語動詞單、復數形式往往根據所表達的意思來確定。如：The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.19.one of +復數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞須用單數形式。如：One of the students has caught the thief.20.單復數同形的一些名詞，作主語時須根據所表達的意思來確定。如：One sheep is missing， the other three are under the tree.21.what、who、which、more、all、none 等作主語時，謂語動詞可用復數，也可用單數，視具體情況而定。如：None knows(know) what he has done.22.在兩個相加等于一個數的等式中，謂語動詞用單復數均可。如：Three plus four is(are) seven.23.在each…and each…或every…and every…之后的名詞，謂語動詞用單數。如：Each boy and each girl has a flower.24.關系代詞作賓語從句的主語時，從句的謂語動詞必須與關系代詞的先行詞保持人稱和數的一致。如：The man who is under the tree is my teacher.25.某些不定代詞為了避免必須標明性別的困難，可用復數形式。如：Every boy is ready now， aren?蒺t they?