摘 要:通過探索和實踐,找到了一套適合山區農村初中生實際且具有自己風格的教學方法——“以考綱為引領、以課文為依托”的英語寫作教學法,以此來提高學生的寫作能力,培養學生的英語寫作素養,將初中英語寫作教學工作做得更好。
關鍵詞:考綱引領;課文依托;寫作訓練
一、考綱引領,依托課文對高效寫作的必要性
1.課標、考綱對英語課堂寫作教學的引領作用
《義務教育英語課程標準(2011年版)》對初中生英語寫作技能提出了明確的目標要求:(1)能根據寫作要求,收集、準備素材; (2)能獨立起草短文、短信等,并在教師的指導下進行修改;(3)能使用常見的連接詞表示順序和邏輯關系;(4)能簡單描述人物或事件;(5)能根據所給圖示或表格寫出簡單的段落或操作說明。
而廣州市中考英語的考綱有關寫作技能的考查目標中明確提出:考查學生對高頻詞的掌握情況和通過情景及句意正確運用詞匯的能力;考查學生綜合運用語言知識、寫出簡短段落的寫作
能力。
2.依托課文是英語課堂寫作的好途徑
山區農村學校各方面的條件較差,導致農村的孩子寫作素材少。尤其在當前山區農村初中英語教學中,很大程度上是以課文為中心來開展各項教學活動,寫作教學尤為突出。由此看來,依托課本資源,內化吸收課文的精華,進行寫作訓練,這無疑是“用教材”提升學生英語寫作能力的一條有效方法和途徑。
二、“以考綱為引領、以課文為依托”的英語寫作教學法
1.借鑒詞句,舉一反三,夯實基礎
中考考綱彰顯了新課標的“注重基礎,以人為本”的新理念。因此,在教學中,讓學生結合實際生活,活學活用,舉一反三,在語感的幫助下內化為自己的語言材料,為提升寫作能力打下堅實的基礎。
【案例一】
以7B Unit 1 “France is calling”為例,本單元的寫作要求是指導學生能用英語介紹一個名勝古跡或景點。因此,圍繞這一考綱寫作要求,筆者要求學生閱讀7 B Unit 1“France is calling”后,首先,挖掘出課文中的好詞好句:(1)be famous for;(2)such as;(3)these days;(4)enjoy oneself;(5)Paris,the capital of France, is one of the most beautiful cities in the world;(6)France is famous for its fine food such as bread and wine;(7) People with children will find it a good place to visit;(8)why not go and enjoy yourself in the wonderful country of France?并要求學生欣賞這些表達優美的好詞好句,分析句子的結構特點,為后面的寫作做鋪墊。
其次,根據從化地處山區農村的特點,創設介紹從化名勝古跡或景點的教學情境,讓學生借鑒剛學的好詞好句,活學活用。
學生習作一:
Conghua city lies in the north-east of Guangzhou.It is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
The mountain of Conghua is bright and beautiful.It is famous for its hot spring. Besides,there are many kinds of fruits,such as litchi and longan. Conghua is“litchi kingdom”,it is the township of the famous litchi,one of the production bases of national litchi.So you can take a bath in hot spring and taste these delicious fruits.
why not go and enjoy yourself in the wonderful city of Conghua?You will find it a good place to relax.
2.研究教材,把握話題,豐富內容
教師應當明確考綱,研究教材,依托課文,精心選擇學生感興趣的話題,豐富寫作的題材,調動其寫作積極性,引導學生有效積累寫作的話題素材。
【案例二】
以廣州牛津版初中英語九年級教材9A“Unit 3 Health and food”為例。學生學習了廣州牛津版初中英語九年級教材9A “Unit 3 Health and food”,讓學生以“How to keep healthy?”為話題寫一篇短文,要求如下:請你談談怎樣保持身體健康,內容包括健康的意義和保持健康的建議,詞數80個左右。
鑒于學生已經學過課文,筆者拋磚引玉給出相關“Health”的話的題。由于這個話題是學生剛剛在教材中學到的,又密切聯系他們的實際生活,并經過激烈討論,他們很快就能羅列出要點,提取出如下詞塊:
(1)What do you think of health?
It is important for everyone , good health is important than wealth.
(2)How to keep healthy?
①eating habits
enough food, the right kinds of food, go to school without breakfast, drink enough water,eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat, a glass of milk and an egg a day, eat too much or too little, junk food
②sports
do more exercise, is necessary for health, such as playing basketball and badminton
③happiness
happiness is important to our health, you may feel sick if you are always unhappy
④others
Keep the air fresh, change clothes often, brush teeth twice a day, wash our hands often and keep our bodies clean, keep away from bad habits, stay up late...
語言材料準備好了,以詞塊為基礎構建準確、流暢而地道的句子,豐富各段落的血肉,連綴成文,一氣呵成。
學生習作二:
How to keep healthy?
As we know, good health is important than wealth. Everyone who loves life hopes to be healthy.
What should we do to keep healthy? First,we should have good eating habits. We must have enough food. And we should have the right kinds of food. More fruit and vegetables and less meat make us strong. We must drink enough water every day. We shouldnt eat too much or too little. Also we had better keep away from junk food. Second, doing sports is necessary for our health. We need to do more exercise to build us up. Third, happiness is also important to our health. So be happy to be healthy. Finally, we should say no to bad habits. We must keep the air fresh all the time. We should wash our hands and change clothes often.
I think well be healthy if we do like that.
這篇學生作品在多處較好地運用了本課中所學的詞塊,增強了篇章的整體流暢性和語言的地道性,提高了表達的準確性和可讀性,也提升了學生寫作謀篇布局的能力。
然后,筆者再展示2012年廣州中考書面表達的話題內容:“你是學校英文報的小記者李華。請給你校初三同學寫一封公開信,就保持考前健康提出建議。”主要內容如下:(1)早睡早起,保持充足睡眠;(2)飲食均衡,少吃垃圾食品;(3)多做體育運動;(4)你的其他建議。這時,所有學生都已經積累了有關健康話題的豐富詞塊和句式,寫起來就非常得心應手。
這樣,通過學習課文,學生能準確把握熱門話題,豐富了話題的內容,拓寬了話題的題材,寫作時就會感到有“話”可說了。
實踐證明,在考綱的引領下,以課文為依托展開各種寫作訓練,在英語教學中有著積極的作用,激發了學生的學習熱情和寫作興趣,大大提高了英語寫作的課堂教學效率和質量。
參考文獻:
楊治平.依托課文開展英語寫作訓練[J].中小學外語教學與研究,2008(09).
作者簡介:王曉霞,女,1975年5月出生,本科,就職學校:廣東省從化市灌村中學,研究方向:英語課題研究。