王華章++高磊


摘要 利用大連站2005—2010年自動站和人工站的相對濕度資料,分析平均相對濕度對比差值的日、月和年變化規律。結果表明:90%自動站日平均相對濕度值高于人工觀測值,平均偏高3.1%;自動站與人工站的相對濕度差值有明顯的日變化規律,5:00—7:00對比差值最大,13:00最小,全天24 h定時觀測相對濕度對比差值均為正值;7—8月和12月對比差值最大,4—5月最小。月最小相對濕度觀測值均小于35%,其對比差值與月最小相對濕度位相相反。只要相對濕度大于月平均最小相對濕度,其對比差值隨著濕度的增大而增大,高濕情況的對比差值偏大。
關鍵詞 自動氣象站;人工站;相對濕度;差異分析;遼寧大連
中圖分類號 P426.1 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-5739(2015)12-0223-03
Analysis of Differences Between Automatic and Manual Observation Relative Humidity:A Case of Dalian Station
WANG Hua-zhang 1 GAO Lei 2
(1 Dalian Meteorological Information Centre in Liaoning Province,Dalian Liaoning 116001; 2 Dalian Meteorological Equipment Support Centre)
Abstract Based on the meteorological data collected relative humidity from automatic and manual observation stations from 2005 to 2010 in Dalian.The regularity of average relative humidity comparison differential value of day,month and annual changes were analyzed.The results indicated that 90% daily average relative humidity of automatic weather station was higher than that of artificial observation station with average at 3.1% higher.The differences between automatic and manual observation data had obvious diurnal variation.Among the 24 times for timing,the maximum difference value in comparison was at 5:00—7:00,and the minimum was at 13:00,and scheduled observation values were all positive.During the month of Jan.to Dec.,the maximum ratio was July to August and the minimum was April to May.The difference of minimum monthly relative humidity was less than 35%,and reverse phase with minimum monthly relative humidity.So long as average relative humidity had exceeded minimum monthly average relative humidity,the comparison differential value was growing with average relative humidity increased and the bias of that was comparatively larger under the condition of high relative humidity.
Key words automatic weather station;manual observation station;relative humidity;difference analysis;Dalian Liaoning
近些年來,地面監測中國家基本(準)站中的主要觀測項目基本由人工器測轉為自動觀測。2003年1月1日大連基準氣候站安裝了天津氣象儀器廠生產的CAWS600系列自動氣象站,2005年1月1日正式投入業務使用。了解人工觀測系統及自動觀測系統2種觀測系統所獲取資料的差異,對2種不同觀測數據序列進行對比分析。
不同因素均可影響觀測資料序列的非均一性,其中觀測儀器的改變是其中的重要原因之一[1-5]。中國氣象局關于觀測規范明確指出[6-7]:在大氣探測自動化進程中,在統一的氣候資料存檔和管理原則下,需要開展一定時間的平行觀測,對觀測資料進行質量評估,以確保資料的均一性[8]。
近年來,研究者對大連站的氣溫和降水數據差異進行了分析[9-16],對相對濕度的研究尚未見報道?!?br>