金培程 唐本森

[摘要] 目的 探討重度骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)中脛骨平臺骨缺損的處理及其臨床療效。 方法 回顧性分析貴陽醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院(以下簡稱該院)2013年3月—2015年01月期間行全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)合并脛骨平臺骨缺損的患者45例,分別比較其術(shù)前、術(shù)后1個月、6個月及1年膝關(guān)節(jié)HSS評分、膝關(guān)節(jié)屈伸度、術(shù)后疼痛程度及并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率。 結(jié)果 各個時間點(術(shù)后1個月、術(shù)后6個月、術(shù)后1年)患者膝關(guān)節(jié)主動屈曲、被動屈曲、主動伸直、被動伸直的角度各項指標較術(shù)前相比均有好轉(zhuǎn),且差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。患者治療前后HSS評分,TKA術(shù)后1個月HSS評分較術(shù)前提高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),術(shù)后6個月及術(shù)后1年HSS評分較術(shù)前相比顯著提高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。其中5例患者發(fā)生DVT,發(fā)生率為11.1%,2例患者伴有下肢腫脹疼痛,經(jīng)口服華法林治療3個月后,癥狀消失。 結(jié)論 在TKA術(shù)中對脛骨平臺骨缺損進行妥善處理可使重度關(guān)節(jié)炎患者疼痛減輕、膝關(guān)節(jié)活動度得到恢復(fù),是治療重度膝關(guān)節(jié)炎的有效手段,可在臨床推廣使用。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 膝重度骨關(guān)節(jié)炎;脛骨平臺;骨缺損;全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù);臨床研究
[中圖分類號] R59 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1674-0742(2015)05(b)-0019-03
Treatment of Tibial Plateau Bone Defect in Total Knee Arthroplasty
JIN Pei-cheng,TANG Ben-sen
Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang,Gouzhou Province,550000 China
[Abstract] Objective To discuss the treatment of tibial plateau bone defect in TKA (total knee arthroplasty) for patients with severe osteoarthritis and its clinical efficacy. Methods The clinical data of 45 patients with tibial plateau bone defect, who were admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University and underwent total knee arthroplasty between March 2013 and January 2015, were retrospectively analyzed. The HSS scores, incidence of knee flexion and extension of the postoperative pain and complications of 1 month before operation ,that of 1 month after operation, that of 6 month after operation and that of 1-year after operation were compared. Results The indicators of active knee flexion, passive flexion, active extension, passive straight angle of each time points(1 month after operation ,6 month after operation,1-year after operation) was better than before ,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). 1 month after TKA surgery, HSS scores improved significantly than that before treatment ,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); Both HSS scores of 6 months after operation and that of 1 year after operation were better than before, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).Of all the 45 patients, DVT occurred in 5(11.1%) and lower limb swelling and pain occurred in 2.All the the symptoms of the 7 patients disappeared after three months of oral warfarin therapy. Conclusion Proper handling of tibial plateau bone defect in TKA surgery can relief the pain of patients with severe arthritis and restore knee activity. So it is an effective means of treatment of severe knee osteoarthritis and can be used in clinical practice.
[Key words] Severe knee osteoarthritis; Tibial plateau; Bone defect; Total knee arthroplasty; Clinical Research
自進入21世紀以來,隨著手術(shù)器械更新與技術(shù)提高、假體設(shè)計、新材料的發(fā)展,全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)在更大年齡范圍,更多疾病中得到了推廣使用。目前,我們逐漸進入了老齡化社會,骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎的發(fā)病率逐漸上升,有研究顯示[1-3],60歲以上的人群中,近一半的老人在X片上有骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎的表現(xiàn),其中30%~50%的臨床表現(xiàn),75歲以上的老年人患病率為80%,其中有50%的存在腫脹、疼痛,甚至畸形,致殘率高達53%。全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)對于保守治療無效的嚴重骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎患者無疑是福音,然而對于嚴重膝內(nèi)外翻畸形的患者通常會出現(xiàn)脛骨近端骨缺損,由于骨缺損導(dǎo)致TKA置換手術(shù)患難加大,是導(dǎo)致患者TKA手術(shù)失敗的主要原因[4]。該研究回顧性分析了2013年3月—2015年1月在該院行TKA手術(shù)并合脛骨平臺骨缺損的全部患者45例,探討重度骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)中脛骨平臺骨缺損的處理及其臨床療效,現(xiàn)報道如下。……