北烏頭生長季營養器官內主要礦質元素變化規律1)

張浩　邵財　張舒娜　張亞玉

(中國農業科學院特產研究所，長春，130112)

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北烏頭生長季營養器官內主要礦質元素變化規律1)

張浩邵財張舒娜張亞玉

(中國農業科學院特產研究所，長春，130112)

摘要通過測定9個生育期北烏頭根、莖、葉中礦質元素的質量分數，研究北烏頭生長季各器官中礦質元素的變化規律及其在各器官中的分配規律，結果表明：北烏頭中各營養元素質量分數從高到低的順序為N、K、P、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu；北烏頭各器官營養元素質量分數存在明顯的生育期變化，出苗期北烏頭根和葉中N、P、K和Cu質量分數均顯著降低，開花期根和葉中N、P和Cu質量分數均顯著升高，果期北烏頭葉片中P、Mg和Fe質量分數均顯著升高；除Cu和P外，其他營養元素在北烏頭葉中質量分數最高，并且多數營養元素在葉中分配比例較高；北烏頭各器官中營養元素間存在一定相關關系，并以協同作用為主；北烏頭有3個養分需求高峰期，即出苗期、開花期、結果期，且每個時期需求養分的種類也不同。

關鍵詞北烏頭；礦質元素；生育期變化; 相關性

分類號Q945.12

Characteristics of Mineral Element Contents and Distributions inAconitumkusnezoffiiduring the Development Period

Zhang Hao, Shao Cai, Zhang Shuna, Zhang Yayu

(Institute of Special Economic Wild Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, P. R. China)//Journal of Northeast Forestry University，2016,44(3)：56-60.

In order to understand the principle of variations and distributions of mineral element inAconitumkusnezoffiiduring the development period, we tested the mineral element contents of nine periods inA.kusnezoffiiroot, stem and leaf. The descending order of mineral element contents inA.kusnezoffiiwas N, K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu. Mineral elements in different part ofA.kusnezoffiichanged obviously during growth period, the main feature was： N, P, K and Cu contents in leaf, and root decreased tremendously at the period of emergence, while N, P and Cu contents in leaf and root increased significantly at the flowering period, and P, Mg and Fe contents in leaf increased at fruiting period. Mineral elements were more likely distributed in leaf, meanwhile, leaf had the higher mineral element contents except for Cu and P. There were some positive correlations between these nine elements in root, stem and leaf. There were three needed peaks of mineral elements duringA.kusnezoffiidevelopment, and the kind of needed elements differed between different development periods.

KeywordsAconitum kusnezoffii; Mineral elements; Development period variation; Correlations

隨著國民經濟水平的提高和保健意識增強，中藥材需求量逐年增加，中藥產業得到了極大發展。與此同時，規范化的藥材市場也對中藥材的產量、質量和穩定性提出了更高的要求。規范化的栽培技術是實現此目標的重要途徑，而科學的施肥方法是最直接、最有效的技術手段之一。

草烏為毛茛科植物北烏頭(AconitumkusnezoffiiReichb.)的干燥塊根，具有祛風除濕，溫經散寒,消腫止痛的傳統功效[1]。……