淺談高考英語寫作的訓練方法

李興邦

摘 要：訓練學生的英語寫作能力，主要落實好遣詞、造句、謀篇這三個方面的任務。

關鍵詞：高考英語；寫作訓練；基本句型

我從事英語教學已有26年之久，教高中英語也有十幾年了。而對于我們這樣一個生源差、學生英語底子普遍薄的學校，我們英語組全體同仁，沒有被眼前的困難所嚇倒，想了很多辦法來提高學生的英語學習興趣。尤其對剛升入高中的學生，我們在英語方面做了大量的初高中銜接工作。為以后的高中英語教學奠定了基礎。下面我想重點談談自己多年來訓練學生英語寫作能力的體會，主要從遣詞、造句、謀篇三個方面來談談。

遣詞：我利用早晚自習來檢查詞匯及短語的記憶等，但在寫作時， 如果僅僅記住幾個簡單基礎的詞匯，而且一味地重復低水平的英語知識點，這就遠遠沒有達到大學的入學要求。我要求學生在平時的訓練和考試當中，有意識地強化“復雜，高級”這兩個概念，使自己的作文能力區別于普通學生，使自己一下子就站在比別人高的位置上，充分顯示自己的實力。平時教學過程中我總結了各種各樣的詞匯。如：表達人物愛憎感情：like，love，be interested in，be fond of...，hate，dislike，be tired of，lose interest in... happy，excited，pleased，介紹人物的影響及人們對他們的評價：

He became famous for his new theory.

The people had come to love him as an inspiring leader.

We regard Li Fei as our model.

People spoke highly of him and all respected him.

常見的描述人物性格、外貌和身體狀況等的詞語：

good-looking /funny-looking /strong-looking /ugly-looking /dirty-looking /ordinary-looking /blue-eyed /white-eyed /warm-hearted /light-hearted /kind-hearted /absent-minded /tall /short /beautiful /pretty /lovely /naughty.

造句：句式多變，語法活用，句子是表達一個完整意思的最小單位，所以造句能力在英文寫作中是非常重要的。我要求學生至少一周寫一篇，爭取做到面批。整篇完不成的，至少要寫幾個完整的簡單句子。好的英語句子能夠生動、形象、準確地表達內容。所以要想寫出漂亮的作文，必須先從寫好句子開始。

方法一：英語基本句型及造句

1.主語+謂語+直接賓語

I want your promise. Have your fixed my watch？This factory produces 1000 cars a week.

2.主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語

He paid me a visit yesterday. He owed me 50 yuan. He wrote his family a letter yesterday.

3.主語+謂語+賓語+賓補（to do）

I will get someone to repair the recorder for you. He invited me to teach at a well-known university.

4.主語+謂語+賓語+賓補（do）

I often hear her sing the song. The boss made workers work 15 hours a day. Dont forget to have him come.

5.主語+系動詞+形容詞

Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. Your explanation sounds reasonable.

6.主語+謂語+狀語（介詞，名詞短語或從句）

The sun rises up in the east and sets in the west. We get up early every morning. The meeting lasted 2 hours.

7.主語+謂語+現在分詞

I heard her singing in the next room.

方法二：改寫句子

1.Mr. Green is a tall man，who wears a pair of thick glasses. （改成介詞短語做伴隨狀語）

Mr. Green is a tall man with a pair of thick glasses.

2.The ice on the lake is too thin for us to skate on. （使用so...that...結構改寫句子）

The ice on the lake is so thin that we cant skate on it.

方法三：一句多譯

這本書花了我300元。

I spent 300 yuan on the book. I paid 300 yuan for the book. The price of the book is 300 yuan. It cost me 300 yuan to buy the book.

我不懂什么英語，李明也不懂。

I dont know any English，nor does Li Ming. I hardly know any English，nor does Li Ming. I hardly know any English，neither does Li Ming. I hardly know any English，no more does Li Ming. I hardly know any English，so it is with Li Ming.

一到家，我就把所見到的一切都記了下來。

As soon as I arrived home，I wrote down everything I had seen. On/Upon arriving home，I wrote down everything I had seen. The moment I arrived home，I wrote down everything I had seen. The instant I arrived home，I wrote down everything I had seen. No sooner had I arrived home than I wrote down everything I had seen.

昨天下午他才來。

He came here yesterday afternoon. He didnt come here until yesterday afternoon. Not until yesterday afternoon did he come here. It was yesterday afternoon that he arrived here. It was not until yesterday afternoon that he came here.

謀篇：看到試題后，我要求學生先不要急于寫作，應對試題材料及要求進行細致審讀，明確寫作任務。需要審清寫作要點、動詞時態、人稱、寫作要求等。審題之后，建議先在草稿紙上草擬寫作提綱，搭好寫作的整體框架，列出需要使用的主要詞匯、短語、句型等，這樣再往答題卷上書寫時，就會信心十足，就會條理更加清晰。

在往答題紙上書寫的過程就是對提綱進行擴充潤色的過程，需要注意要點的完整性，上下文的連貫性，詞匯及句式的多樣性，語言的準確性。盡可能多地使用自己熟悉的詞匯或者句式，在自己有把握的情況下，才可以使用一些能夠為作文增色的較高級的詞匯、短語或者句式。

畢竟英語作文是一道主觀性試題，干凈整潔的卷面，漂亮工整的字體，會使人賞心悅目，會使閱卷老師眼前一亮，從而給閱卷老師留下非常好的印象，這無疑會使作文增色不少。因此，在寫作時，注意書寫規范，工整清晰，卷面保持整潔，切忌潦草凌亂，亂涂亂改。寫作完成后，還需對作文進行認真復查，查找審核簡單低級的錯誤。

為了幫助學生在平時寫作時牢記這些基本要領，特編順口溜如下：細審題，巧構思，列要點，防遺漏。寫日記，同漢語；書信，通知格式要牢記。看清圖表細梳理，寫人記事按順序；完稿后查遺漏，整潔干凈莫忘記。

以上是我多年教高中英語寫作的一點經驗，有不妥之處，敬請各位同仁批評指正。

編輯 李建軍