種植密度和肥料施用量對桂單0811產量的影響

蘇義成　田樹云　文仁來

摘要[目的]為推進桂單0811在廣西的大面積推廣種植和應用提供科學依據。[方法]以桂單0811為供試材料，采用416-B回歸最優設計，分別于2015上半年和2015下半年試驗種植兩季，研究玉米新品種桂單0811產量與氮、磷、鉀肥施用量及種植密度4因素的關系，建立產量的肥密方程，分析各因素對桂單0811產量影響的主效應及互作效應。[結果]4個因素變化的效應曲線均為拋物線，對桂單0811產量的影響由大到小依次為種植密度、氮肥施用量、磷肥施用量、鉀肥施用量；通過對回歸模型的分析，篩選確定了桂單0811實現產量高于9 300 kg/hm2的密度與肥料耦合優化技術方案，合理種植密度為 69 321～90 000 株/hm2，適宜純氮、磷和鉀施用量分別為112.50～186.60、37.50～62.25、93.75～155.55 kg/hm2。[結論]桂單0811較耐密，密度在75 000、81 000、87 000、93 000株/hm2時產量差異不顯著，但考慮到廣西玉米的生產條件，在大面積推廣示范中推薦采用63 000～69 000株/hm2的種植密度。

關鍵詞桂單0811；玉米； 種植密度；肥料施用量

中圖分類號S513文獻標識碼

A文章編號0517-6611（2017）36-0024-05

Abstract[Objective] To provide scientific basis for the largearea planting and application of Guidan 0811 in Guangxi.[Method] With Guidan 0811 as the test materials，416B regression optimum design was adopted.Guidan 0811 was planted in spring and autumn 2015，so as to research the relationship between yield of Guidan 0811 and N，P and K dosage and planting density.The fertilizer and density equation were established；and the main effect and interaction effect of the four factors on yield were analyzed.[Result]All the 4 factors performed upward parabolic change，and their influences on Guidan 0811 yield of in the two seasons from big to small were in the order of density，N fertilizer，P fertilizer and K fertilizer.Analysis of regression model showed that the optimum planting density was 69321-90000 plants/hm2 and N，P and Kfertilizer levels were 112.50-186.60，37.50-62.25 and 93.75-155.55 kg/hm2，respectively.[Conclusion] Guidan 0811 is tolerant to high density planting，and there is not significant differences in yield among the densities of 75 000，81 000，87 000 and 93 000 plants/hm2.However，considering the planting condition of corn in Guangxi，the density of 63 000-69 000 plants/hm2 was recommended for Guidan 0811 in the largescale promotion and demonstration.

Key wordsGuidan 0811；Corn；Planting density；Fertilizer application dosage

玉米是廣西重要的糧食作物，玉米種植密度的大幅度提高是玉米增產的一個重要原因。在增大密度后的群體條件下，如何協調個體與群體的關系、構建高產體系，成為玉米高產栽培理論的關鍵[1-4]。桂單0811是廣西農科院玉米研究所選育的玉米新品種，2013年通過廣西農作物品種審定，該品種植株穗位整齊、果穗均勻、外觀品質優、出籽率高、綜合抗性強、高產穩產、適應性廣，在歷年試驗中產量表現突出。研究種植密度和肥料施用量對桂單0811產量的影響，對提高廣西玉米的產量具有重要的意義。……