諸煉
【摘要】本文以牛津高中英語教材為基礎,探討基于詞塊教學法的詞匯教學模式,提高學生詞匯學習效率的有效途徑。
【關鍵詞】詞塊 詞塊教學 高中英語
引言
語言能力是修訂的《高中英語課程標準》(待頒布)英語學科核心素養的重要方面之一,主要指在社會情境中借助語言進行理解和表達的能力,而英語學科的教育教學是其培養的主要途徑。但是,當下學生在用英語表達時,詞匯的選擇和使用不符合表達習慣,這一現象一定程度上是由于目前的英語詞匯教學中,教師仍然停留在釋義、講解、背誦的機械化孤立模式中造成的,而詞塊教學法為解決這一問題提供了有益的思路。
詞塊教學實踐。提供真實語境,強化詞塊意識,總結歸納語用,循環復現語塊是詞匯教學的四個原則,據此,筆者嘗試運用以下活動進行詞匯教學:
首先,在詞塊的識別和記憶中,可用詞塊知識導入文章,培養學生的詞塊意識。在牛津高中英語教材模塊五第一單元Reading中,本課的導入就是讓學生們討論與話題friends相關的諺語,如:Friends are thieves of time; The best mirror is an old friend; If you can buy a persons friendship, it is not worth having; True friends have hearts that beat as one.這樣的導入,耳目一新,刺激了學生對于話題的興趣,并且輸入了地道的語言用法,增強了學生的詞塊意識。此外,在問題設置中,也應側重于設置引導學生發現詞塊的問題。在模塊五第二單元reading中,目標詞匯為:cut back on production 課文原句:it is our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the number of things we make and buy. 問題:what is Lingshuiqings suggestion?再次,牛津教材的一個重要特征就是每個單元都有中心話題,因此,以單元主題為單位總結相關詞塊也是幫助學生積累的重要方式。
第二,在語塊的運用和強化過程中,教師應讓學生將目標語塊進行模仿、運用、鞏固,使其更加扎實地掌握其用法,以期達到準確應用的程度。概括語篇就是一種很好的活動形式。例如,在模塊十第二單元中,筆者要求學生用前一節課總結出的相關詞塊完成課文概括(劃橫線的是要求學生填寫的詞塊)。例如:For decades, Florida has been attracting older people. It is home to the largest population of people aged 65 and older. This group makes up over 17percent of the states population. People give a variety of reasons for their move. They dont like snow, because snow can turn into ice, which is easy to slip on. Older people prefer staying comfortable, and thats why they are moving somewhere warmer. As the number of older Americans moving Florida increases, more changes are made to cater to them. Most young adults are electing to live in cities. Some are looking for a good job, while some others seek exciting and fun things to do.
在詞塊產出性練習中,paraphrase也是一個很有效的辦法,這一做法對于提高學生的詞匯表達也有積極的意義。例如,針對模塊六第二單元重點詞塊 in high spirits,筆者設計了如下練習。(劃橫線處為學生填寫內容)
Everyone who saw her all said she stayed cheerful.
Everyone who saw her all said she was in high spirits .
重點詞塊 be aware of
練習:A coach changed the way the equipment was set up, but Sang Lan didnt know the change until it was too late.
A coach changed the way the equipment was set up, but Sang Lan was not aware of the change until it was too late.
筆者所在備課組還嘗試用思維導圖引導學生復習詞塊,如老師的示范:
在詞塊復習中,讓學生嘗試根據所給圖片使用所給詞塊描述圖片也有利于形成語言的深入內化和自動輸出。如筆者在對模塊九重點詞塊compete with, are content with, be worthy of進行復習時,給了學生如下圖片:
學生經過思考,寫下了以下一段話:Polly competes with his competitors in the race, unfortunately, he fails. He is not content with his performance so he feels so sad. His best friend Lily comforts him with great care, who is really worth of his trust.
總而言之,詞塊教學不僅能夠提高學生語言運用能力,而且充分體現詞匯教學的語用能力,重視詞塊教學在牛津高中英語教材中的使用,有利于真正提高學生詞匯學習的效率。