孟令欣+劉瑞華+辛德財+萬賞寶+張琦瑋+梁茜+李楚喬+劉家鑫+韓志江


摘 要:為探究種植密度對爆裂玉米產量及品質的影響,以天津農學院特用作物改良工程中心組配的爆裂玉米新組合B1104為試驗材料,設置10個密度梯度開展試驗。結果表明,在97 500株·hm-2的密度下,產量最高,為4 388.85 kg·hm-2,種植密度與爆裂品質并未表現出明顯相關關系。
關鍵詞:爆裂玉米;種植密度;爆花率;膨脹倍數
中圖分類號:S513 文獻標識碼:A DOI 編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2017.07.019
Effect of Planting Density on Yield and Quality of Popcorn
MENG Lingxin1,LIU Ruihua1, XIN Decai1, WAN Shangbao1, ZHANG Qiwei1, LIANG Qian1, LI Chuqiao1, LIU Jiaxin1, HAN Zhijiang2
(1.College of Agronomy and Resource Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China; 2.Jinnan National Agriculture Science and Technology Park of Tianjin, Tianjin 300350, China)
Abstract: In order to explore the influence of planting density on yield and quality of blowout maize, the new combination B1104 corn of Tianjin agronomy courtyard with crop improvement engineering center was selected as experimental material, and ten density gradient was set. The results showed that, under the density of 97 500 plants·hm-2, the yield was the highest, 4 388.85 kg·hm-2. There was no apparent correlation between plant density and explosive quality.
Key words: popcorn;planting density;blowout ratio; explosive times
爆裂玉米(Zea mays Leverta Sturt)起源于美洲的墨西哥、秘魯、智利沿安第斯山麓的廣大地區,是玉米的八大類型之一,具有獨特的膨爆性[1]。它的果穗和籽粒比普通玉米小,子粒幾乎全為角質淀粉,質地堅硬。籽粒多為黃色或白色、也有紅色、藍色、棕色,甚至花斑色的。在子粒含水量適當時加熱,能爆裂成大于原體積幾十倍的呈蘑菇狀或蝴蝶狀的爆米花,而且即使籽粒被砸成碎塊時也不會喪失膨爆力。爆裂玉米也由此而得名。第一個用于工廠化生產的爆裂玉米名叫“西班牙”,第一個用于商業化生產的爆裂玉米雜交種是一個叫做“Minhybrid250”的姊妹交單交種。1985年美國爆裂玉米首次進入中國,1996年中國出現第一家微波玉米花食品加工企業[2]。中國的研究者通過使用一環系選育法、二環系選育法、雜交選育法、輪回選擇法及回交轉育法等方法選育出10多個爆裂玉米品種。
隨著膨化技術的改進、膨化方法的多樣化以及高產優質爆裂玉米品種的選育成功,并投入批量生產,以爆裂玉米烹制的爆米花作為一種休閑食品越來越受到全國各地消費者的青睞[3]。……