周泉 朱別房 馬陸平 易學賽 周堅 李謙 周湘彬 楊明輝


摘 要:西瓜新品種甜寶小玉是以TM-15為母本,ZH-3N為父本選育而成的早熟中小果型有籽西瓜品種。該品種生長勢強,全生育期約95 d;果實橢圓形,果形指數1.4;果皮淺綠色,上覆墨綠齒條帶,果皮厚約0.80 cm;瓤色大紅,肉質沙脆,纖維少;中心可溶性固形物含量12.0%,邊部8.0%;第一雌花著生節位第5~6節,以后每隔4~5節著生雌花,易坐果,果實發育期約28 d;耐寒性強,耐熱性強,耐旱性強,耐澇性強,耐弱光性強,抗病性強;果實商品率93.8%,耐儲運性中等,單瓜重約1.8~2.5 kg,產量約2 300 kg/667m2。該品種適應性強,全國各地均可栽培,適應南方多陰雨地區栽培。
關鍵詞:中小果型;有籽西瓜;甜寶小玉;選育;新品種
中圖分類號:S651.331 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1006-060X(2017)01-0001-04
Abstract:Tianbaoxiaoyu is an early maturing small and middle-sized shape seed watermelon variety, which takes the TM-15 as the female parent and ZH-3N as the male parent. The whole growth period is about 95 days with strong growth potential; fruit shapes are oval and the index is 1.4; the skin is light green with blackish green rack belt; the pericarp thickness is about 0.80 cm; crisp and less fiber with red flesh color inside. Soluble solids in the center is 12.0%, 8.0% of the edge; the first female flower growing on section 5-6, every 4-5 sections grows followed, setting fruit easy and the developing period is about 28 d; strong cold, heat and drought resistance, also behaves good on water logging resistance, weak light, and disease resistance. The commodity rate is 93.8%, medium resistance to storage and transportation, single melon weight is about 1.8 to 2.5 kg, and the yield is about 34 500 kg/hm2. This variety has strong adaptability which can be cultivated around China, and adapt to the southern rainy areas.
Key words:small and medium-sized fruit; seed watermelon; Tianbaoxiaoyu; breeding; new cultivar“十二五”期間,隨著我國農業綜合生產能力大幅度的增強、人民生活水平的不斷提高和現代家庭消費需求的多元化,水果消費市場發生了很大變化,西瓜需求趨向小型化、優質化、個性化;西瓜生產則向簡易化栽培、早熟性好、耐低溫弱光、耐濕性強、易坐果等方面轉變。因此,以早熟、優質、耐低溫、耐弱光、易坐果、適應南方多陰雨地區栽培作為育種目標[1-3],選育了中小果型有籽西瓜新品種甜寶小玉。
1 選育經過
1.1 母本選擇
母本系臺灣引進的黑美人西瓜品種,經分離后8 a
15代系選而成的自交系,代號:TM-15。其全生育期約93 d,果實發育期約28 d,生長勢強,抗病性強,坐果性強;果皮綠底覆墨綠細條帶,單瓜重約3.0 kg,果形指數1.4,果皮厚約1.0 cm,果皮堅硬,瓤色大紅,中心可溶性固形物含量約12.0 %,邊部約8.0 %;……