丁翔 張?jiān)? 朱永恒 魯艷紅 廖育林

摘 要:土壤動(dòng)物作為陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,對(duì)土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)物質(zhì)循環(huán)和能量流動(dòng)及土壤修復(fù)具有重要作用,并逐漸成為科學(xué)界研究的熱點(diǎn)。基于近年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)土壤動(dòng)物的文獻(xiàn)研究,介紹了土壤動(dòng)物的群落結(jié)構(gòu)多樣性和地理分布特征以及土壤動(dòng)物對(duì)土壤環(huán)境變化指示功能,總結(jié)分析了影響土壤動(dòng)物的環(huán)境因子,如土地利用方式的變遷、全球氣候的變化及土壤污染等,探討了目前研究中存在的不足,并對(duì)今后的研究方向提出了展望。
關(guān)鍵詞:土壤動(dòng)物;群落結(jié)構(gòu);空間分布;影響因子;綜述
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):S512.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-060X(2017)01-0119-04
Abstract:As an important component of terrestrial ecosystem, soil animals played an important role in the material cycle, energy flow and soil remediation of soil ecosystem, which had become one of the hotspots in the research community. Based on the domestic and abroad research on soil animal in recent years, this paper introduced the diversity of soil animals community structure and geographic distribution characteristics, and indicative function of soil animals for soil environment change. In this paper, environmental factors affecting soil animals also were summarized including land use change, global climate change and soil pollution. Problems existed in the current research were discussed and the future research direction was also proposed.
Key words:soil animal; community structure; spatial distribution; impact factor; review
隨著全球?qū)ι锒鄻有约捌浔Wo(hù)和全球環(huán)境變化的關(guān)注,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的生物多樣性越來(lái)越受到人們的重視。土壤動(dòng)物是土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中不可分割的重要構(gòu)成部分,在土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)分解、改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu)、促進(jìn)土壤物質(zhì)遷移與能量轉(zhuǎn)換及影響土壤質(zhì)量等方面具有重要作用,能夠反映土壤生境優(yōu)越程度及人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的印記[1-2]。土壤動(dòng)物對(duì)環(huán)境變化極其敏感,是陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康評(píng)價(jià)、土壤環(huán)境管理與修復(fù)及生物多樣性保護(hù)等方面的重點(diǎn)研究對(duì)象,已成為全球土壤學(xué)和生物學(xué)界關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)[3]。
從19世紀(jì)40年代對(duì)蚯蚓生物學(xué)研究開(kāi)始,國(guó)外學(xué)者就對(duì)土壤動(dòng)物群落結(jié)構(gòu)及多樣性展開(kāi)了研究[4],
而我國(guó)對(duì)這方面研究起步較晚,直到20世紀(jì)80年代,我國(guó)才開(kāi)始對(duì)土壤動(dòng)物學(xué)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究。……