劉建華 李銘亮 蘇劍波 彭太平 湯楚軍 羅志波 伍超吾 匡凱



摘 要:以湖南省沅江市新灣村為供試地,選擇不同土壤(不同有機質、不同地形)為研究對象,對土壤屬性、土壤含水量和作物生長發育及產量、品質進行觀測。結果表明,土壤含水量與土壤有機質豐缺、地形坡度密切相關:有機質豐富和地形坡度小的土壤,土質結構良好,使土壤容重下降,加快降水入滲,減少地表徑流,增加土壤含水量,增強保水能力,相應地作物產量大幅度提高。建議平整土地和增施有機肥,保持水土,培肥地力,提高抗旱能力,增加作物單產,提高品質。
關鍵詞:土壤條件;土壤含水量;作物產量;影響
中圖分類號:S147.1 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1006-060X(2017)01-0016-03
Abstract:Taking different conditions of soil (organic matter content, terrain slope) as the research objects, the soil properties, soil water content and crop growth development, yield and quality were observed. The results showed that the soil water content was closely related to the abundance of soil organic matter and the slope of the terrain. The richer the organic matter and the lesser the gradient, the better the soil structure, and the soil bulk density decreased, accelerate the precipitation infiltration, reduce runoff, increased soil moisture content and enhance water retention capacity and corresponding crop yields greatly improve. Some measures were suggested such as conserving soil and water, increasing soil fertility by leveling land and increasing application of organic fertilizer, which will improve the capacity of drought resistance, increase crop yield and quality.
Key words:soil condition; soil moisture; crop yield; effect experiment
“南方旱作節水栽培技術研究”是湖南省“十五”農業發展戰略重點研究課題,沅江市農業局10多年來一直堅持研究。針對湖南省旱土資源適種區多、但利用率不高、產出量低和干旱嚴重的現狀,研究高效旱作節水技術,對于提高水資源利用率,充分挖掘旱土的增產潛力具有十分重要的意義。試驗在不同有機質含量、不同地形坡度土壤條件下觀測保水效果,分析土壤容重、土壤含水量、作物生長發育及產量、品質等與土壤有機質豐缺、地形坡度關系,以期為相應作物產量的大幅度提高提供依據。
1 材料與方法
1.1 試驗地點與試驗設計
試驗在沅江市新灣鎮新灣村進行。供試作物為西瓜;供試土壤為第四紀紅土母質發育而成的熟紅土。試驗分為地形保水試驗(陡坡18°58′、中坡12°50′、緩坡1°15′)和有機質保水試驗(高有機質30.5 g/kg、中有機質18.9 g/kg、低有機質9.4 g/kg)兩個方面。……