易永 李民華 張偉



摘 要:選擇懷化地區國家氣象站和部分區域自動站的氣象數據,統計了多個海拔高度范圍的逐旬平均氣溫,大至確定了該地區一季稻播種育秧、移栽分蘗、抽穗開花等關鍵界限氣溫季節分布情況。分析了水稻生長關鍵界限氣溫指標的始終日垂直特征,得到各個海拔范圍一季稻種植的安全播種始日、安全齊穗終日、適用潛在生育期等,為該地區一季稻的農事安排提供參考依據。
關鍵詞:懷化山區;一季稻;垂直氣溫特征
中圖分類號:S161.22 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1006-060X(2017)01-0019-03
Abstract:Using the meteorological data from national weather station and the regional automatic meteorological station in Huaihua, the research counted the average temperature of ten days in different altitude range, roughly confirmed the key local seasonal distribution of critical limits temperature index of seeding and seedling-raising, transplanting and tillering, heading and flowering of single-season rice in this area. Then the research analyzed on the vertical characteristics of the beginning and the ending day of the key boundary temperature index in rice growth, and got the safe beginning-date of sowing, safe ending-date of heading and applicable potential growth period, which provide safe farming arrangements of plating single-season rice in different altitude range.
Key words:Huaihua mountain area; single-season rice; vertical air temperature characteristics
近年來,國內外已開展大量水稻種植氣候條件分析研究,并取得豐碩成果[1-4],但絕大多數研究基于水平氣象數據,基于原始數據開展山區水稻種植垂直氣候研究的比較少[5-6]。我國南方多山地,海拔高差大,山地垂直氣候特征明顯,同時氣候資源季節性分布不均,山區水稻種植管理未考慮熱量因素導致水稻生長障礙事件時有發生。根據長久以來的水稻種植實踐,影響我國水稻種植最大的氣溫因素就是低溫,水稻各個生育期需保證在大于一定界限氣溫的條件下才能正常生長。12℃是水稻播種育秧的下限氣溫,15℃是秧苗生長適宜溫度下限,20℃是水稻分蘗及大田生長的適宜氣溫下限,穩定通過12℃始日和穩定通過20℃終日的間隔視為潛在生育期長度,20℃、23℃是常規稻、雜交秈稻安全抽穗揚花的安全下限氣溫。在水稻種植實踐中,播種不僅要考慮播種的安全氣溫(≥12℃或10℃),還要考慮適合播種后秧苗生長(≥15℃),及適當苗期(約30 d),移栽作業后保證迅速成活進入分蘗的氣溫(≥20℃),以及安全齊穗期的氣溫(≥20℃或23℃)[7-10]。……