不同有機(jī)肥對(duì)鐵皮石斛生長(zhǎng)、產(chǎn)量及多糖含量的影響

高忠奎 何忠 仇惠君 覃曉娟 譚冠寧 唐洲萍 何新民

摘 要：以嘟喬山種和廣南種鐵皮石斛為材料，研究了施用不同有機(jī)肥對(duì)鐵皮石斛植株生長(zhǎng)、栽培產(chǎn)量及植株多糖含量的影響。結(jié)果表明：施用有機(jī)肥能夠促進(jìn)鐵皮石斛植株生長(zhǎng)，提高栽培產(chǎn)量，但不利于鐵皮石斛植株多糖積累；嘟喬山種鐵皮石斛施用發(fā)酵花生麩有機(jī)肥能夠獲得較高的栽培產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)，栽培產(chǎn)量比對(duì)照提高58.8%，多糖含量比對(duì)照下降0.2%；廣南種鐵皮石斛施用發(fā)酵混合料有機(jī)肥（牛糞+羊糞+花生麩，各1/3）能夠獲得較高的栽培產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)，栽培產(chǎn)量比對(duì)照提高70.2%，多糖含量比對(duì)照下降0.8%。

關(guān)鍵詞：鐵皮石斛；有機(jī)肥；有機(jī)栽培；栽培產(chǎn)量

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)：S141.9 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1006-060X（2017）01-0034-03

Abstract：Taking Duqiaoshan Dendrobium officinale and Guangnan Dendrobium officinale as experimental material to study the effects of the application of different organic fertilizer on the growth， yield and plant polysaccharide content of Dendrobium officinale. The results showed that application of organic fertilizer can promote the Dendrobium officinale plant growth and increase yield， bring negative effects on accumulation of polysaccharide. It is able to obtain high yield and quality on Duqiaoshan Dendrobium officinale for application of peanut bran organic fertilizer， the yield was 58.8% higher than that of the control and the content of polysaccharide decreased by 0.2%. It is able to obtain high yield and quality on Guangnan Dendrobium officinale for applying mixed dairy manure （the proportion of cow dung， sheep manure， and peanut bran was third one respectively）， the yield was 70.2% higher than that of the control， and the content of polysaccharide decreased by 0.8%.

Key words：Dendrobium officinale； organic fertilizer； organic cultivation； yield

鐵皮石斛（Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo）屬蘭科石斛屬多年生草本植物，是傳統(tǒng)名貴藥材[1]。近年來(lái)，其獨(dú)特的保健和養(yǎng)生功能日益被廣大市民認(rèn)可和接受，市場(chǎng)需求量不斷增加。但由于野生鐵皮石斛生長(zhǎng)周期長(zhǎng)，生長(zhǎng)條件苛刻，產(chǎn)量極低，導(dǎo)致供需矛盾越來(lái)越突出。例如：2010～2012年浙江省鮮品鐵皮石斛單價(jià)就翻了一倍以上[2]。為了提高鐵皮石斛產(chǎn)量，許多專(zhuān)家學(xué)者對(duì)其組培、栽培技術(shù)進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果表明，鐵皮石斛的栽培基質(zhì)要求疏松、透氣性好，同時(shí)要有良好的保水性，適宜的栽培基質(zhì)對(duì)鐵皮石斛生長(zhǎng)有顯著促進(jìn)作用[3]。例如：施用磷酸二氫鉀和兔糞能夠促進(jìn)鐵皮石斛相應(yīng)生長(zhǎng)指標(biāo)的提高[4]，而合理的施肥措施能夠促進(jìn)鐵皮石斛的生長(zhǎng)和代謝[5]。此外，水分與光照條件對(duì)鐵皮石斛的生長(zhǎng)和品質(zhì)也有一定影響[6]。……