楊永奎 于健龍 鄭元紅 梁燕菲 楊少華



摘 要:以黔椒4號為試驗材料,采用完全隨機試驗設計,探討了不同用量(1 800、1 500、1 200 kg/hm2)的兩種緩釋肥料(T1,N︰P2O5︰K2O=18︰9︰18;T2,N︰P2O5︰K2O= 20︰10︰15)對辣椒莖葉、果實全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全鉀(TK)養(yǎng)分及化學計量特征的影響。結果表明:兩種緩釋肥的效果差別不大,隨著施肥量的增加,辣椒產(chǎn)量均呈現(xiàn)出先增加后降低的趨勢,以1 500 kg/hm2的處理產(chǎn)量最高,達7 000 kg/hm2以上;辣椒莖葉N/P要明顯高于果實N/P,當施肥量為1 800和1 200 kg/hm2時,莖葉N/P都要顯著低于施肥量1 500 kg/hm2的水平,表明在施肥過量和不足的情況下,辣椒生長緩慢或貪青晚熟[21],莖葉生長速率加快,因此莖葉N/P相對較低。
關鍵詞:生態(tài)化學計量;辣椒;緩釋肥
中圖分類號:S147.2 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1006-060X(2017)01-0041-04Abstract:Using qianjiao No.4 pepper as experimental material, the effects of two controlled/slowed-release fertilizers (T1, N∶P2O5∶K2O=18∶9∶18;T2, N∶P2O5∶K2O=20∶10∶15) on pepper stem, fruit TN, TP, TK contents and ecological stoichiometric characteristics was discussed. The results showed that pepper fruit yield was not significant different between two controlled/slowed-release fertilizers. It showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with increase of fertilizer. The yield of the treatment with 1 500 kg/hm2 fertilizer usage was the highest, over 7 000 kg/hm2. The numbers of pepper stem N/P were higher than fruit numbers. Pepper stem N/P contents of 1 800 and 1 200 kg/hm2 were significant lower than 1 200 kg/hm2 usage. The pepper showed low-growing or extend-growth when fertilizer lack or excessiveness, and pepper stems N/P contents decreased because of increase of growth rate.
Key words: ecological stoichiometry; pepper; controlled/slowed-release fertilizer
辣椒營養(yǎng)價值豐富,其維生素C含量在蔬菜中排首位。此外,辣椒還富含辣椒堿、辣椒紅素、β-胡蘿卜素等多種營養(yǎng)物質[1]。這些營養(yǎng)成分具有重要的藥用價值,如辣椒堿具有消炎鎮(zhèn)痛作用,而維生素A和C具有預防壞血病、防治貧血等作用[2]。近年來,辣椒產(chǎn)業(yè)已成為貴州省的優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)業(yè),據(jù)統(tǒng)計,貴州辣椒常年種植面積達到33萬hm2,鮮椒產(chǎn)量在600萬t以上[3],均位居全國前列[4]。
緩釋肥料有養(yǎng)分利用率高、省時省力的特點[5],與常規(guī)肥料相比,能顯著提高辣椒產(chǎn)量[6]、改善辣椒品質[7],已成為高需肥蔬菜辣椒栽培利用的重要肥料。有研究指出,緩釋肥料較常規(guī)肥料氮素利用率提高了17.5 %以上[8]。目前,關于施肥對植物體內N、P、K養(yǎng)分生態(tài)化學計量特征的報道很多[9-11]。張潘[10]的研究指出,在森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中,施氮、磷肥能增加土壤養(yǎng)分的有效性,進而顯著影響根、莖、葉中N/P?!?br>