曾漢陽



摘 要:2016年6月邵東縣玉竹刺足根螨大暴發,重發地玉竹死株率達29.8%。通過調查,總結分析出了玉竹刺足根螨大發生的原因,主要是殺螨處理不到位,溫濕度適宜螨害發生,施用未腐熟的家禽和家畜糞肥以及種植時土面覆蓋物偏厚等。總結出了土壤處理、輪作換茬、選擇健壯無病蟲(螨)的玉竹做種、燒毀處理螨害殘體、施用腐熟的家畜和家禽糞肥、清溝瀝水、薄覆蓋物等農業、物理防治措施以及土壤藥劑處理、藥液浸泡種莖、玉竹種莖藥劑包衣處理和生長期田間施藥等化學防治措施,為防控玉竹刺足根螨奠定了基礎。
關鍵詞:刺足根螨;發生為害原因;防控;玉竹
中圖分類號:S435 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1006-060X(2017)01-0059-04
Abstract:In June 2016, a large outbreak of Polygonatum odoratum Rhizoglyphus echinopus happened in Shaodong County, the death rate was 29.8% in serious area. Through the investigation, summarized the reasons of Phizoglyphus echinopus occurrence, the main treatment was far from sufficient, suitable temperature and humidity for Polygonatum rhizoglyphus, used improper manure fertilizer and soil cover thickness at the time of planting. Summed up the soil treatment, rotation of crops, selected healthy polygonatum as seed, burned the pests residue, applied the proper manure composting, drain ditch cleaning, thin covering, physical control measures and soil chemical treatment, liquid soaking seed, Polygonatum odoratum stem coating and spraying chemical control measures in field, laid the foundation for the prevention and control of Polygonatum odoratum Rhizoglyphus echinopus.
Key words:Rhizoglyphus echinopus; cause of occurrence and damage; prevention
玉竹[Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce.],又名萎蕤和尾參,為百合科植物,以其干燥肉質根狀莖入藥,
有養陰潤燥、生津止渴等功效,主治口燥咽干、干咳少痰、風濕咳嗽、發熱白汗、心煩心悸、熱病煩渴等癥,是一種常用的大宗中藥材,應用歷史悠久,在國內外久負盛名。玉竹亦可做藥膳進食,有滋補作用。人工栽培玉竹主要產于湖南邵東、廣東連縣、江蘇南通、浙江東陽等19個縣(市),其中以湖南邵東產量大、質量好。目前邵東縣種植玉竹約2 667 hm2,年產量近萬噸,為邵東縣重要的高效中藥材經濟作物[1]。
刺足根螨[Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Fumouze et Robin)],別名百合螨、球根粉螨[2]、蔥螨,隸屬于蛛形綱、蜱螨目、粉螨科、根螨屬。根螨屬已記述的有54個種,
我國有10個種[3],即:刺足根螨(Rhizoglyphus echinopus)、
獼猴桃根螨(R. Actinidia)、大蒜根螨(R. allii)、花葉芋根螨(R. caladii)、淮南根螨(R. huainanensis)、康定根螨(R. kandingensis)、水仙根螨(R. narcissi)、羅賓根螨、(R. robini)、長毛根螨(R. selosus)和單列根螨(R. singularis)?!?br>