駱勤
【摘 要】本文從單句改錯 100 道題做起,從動詞錯誤、非謂語動詞使用錯誤、連詞使用錯誤、詞性使用錯誤、名詞使用錯誤、冠詞使用錯誤、介詞使用錯誤、代詞使用錯誤、偷換概念、詞語固定搭配、句法的測試等方面分門別類歸納和總結高考英語短文改錯涉及的考點,探索提高學生高考英語短文改錯能力的策略。
【關鍵詞】高中 英語短文改錯 單句改錯
【中圖分類號】G 【文獻標識碼】A
【文章編號】0450-9889(2017)08B-0154-03
高中英語短文改錯是歷年來全國普通英語高考必考的題型之一。短文改錯題旨在檢測考生發現、判斷、糾正文章錯誤的能力,進而考查學生的詞法、句法及行文邏輯等方面的水平,考查學生在語篇中綜合運用英語的能力。短文改錯考查涉及面廣,但卻有所側重。考查點測試頻率最高的是動詞,主要考查動詞的時態、語態、非謂語動詞形式、情態動詞和動詞短語搭配等用法。此外,還考查名詞、介詞、代詞、冠詞、形容詞、副詞、連詞等,還涉及句型結構、行文邏輯、固定搭配等。
短文改錯的解題關鍵在于找到文中錯誤。而如何找錯誤、發現錯誤的關鍵就是要擁有正確的知識和信息。知道正確的才能改正錯誤的。下面就短文改錯涉及的考點分門別類的進行歸納和總結。
一、動詞錯誤
動詞錯誤在短文改錯中所占比重最大,它所涉及的錯誤包括動詞的時態、語態錯誤,易混動詞的用法錯誤,動詞的第三人稱單數錯誤,動詞短語搭配錯誤及非謂語動詞形式錯誤等。
(一)動詞的時態、語態錯誤
1.Time flew very fast.(flies)
2.I remembered her words and calm down.(calmed)
3.Our roads were never designing for such a heavy traffic.(designed)
4.The weather has been turned out bad finally.(been\)
(二)動詞本身使用錯誤
5.We must learn to receive change.(accept)
6.Toms mother brought him to the sea on Saturday.(took)
(三)動詞短語搭配錯誤
7.They cant imagine a girl so young live alone.(living)
8.Mother hopes her to go to university.(wishes)
9.Mr.Li will return back to Beijing in two days.(back\)
10.Please repeat it again.(again\)
二、非謂語動詞使用錯誤
一個主語只能帶一個謂語動詞,其他的動詞只能做非謂語。非謂語動詞的出現是因為句子中已有謂語動詞,就不能再作謂語,不作謂語可能作主語、賓語、表語、狀語、補語、定語等。
11.He is from America,judged by his accent.(judging)
12.Australia is one of the English_spoken countries.(speaking)
13.There are still a few minutes leaving before the match begins(left)
14.The smaller stones,still weighed four tons on average,came from Wales.(weighing)
15.Comparing with /to what it is now,it was a small village then.(Compared)
16.Losing in thought ,he sat there.(Lost)
17.He found someone seating at the back of the classroom.(seated)
18.He set up a school aiming at helping the poor children in remote villages.(aimed)
19.The students ,tiring after the trip, fell asleep in the class.(tired)
20.Seeing from the hill, the city looks more beautiful.(Seen)
三、連詞使用錯誤
短文改錯中出現連詞就要判斷連詞用的是否正確,連詞是連接句子的,使用哪個連詞是根據語境判斷的。兩個句子只需一個連詞,即一個連詞連接兩個句子。此外,如果是平行結構就要注意前后時態、語態、詞性一致問題。平行結構常借助于并列連詞 and,or,but,not only…but also…,not…but…,either…or…,neither …nor…as well as etc。
21.Although he is young,but he knows a lot.(but\)
22.Because he is ill, so he didnt go to school.(so\)endprint
23.Boy as he is,but he likes dancing.(but\)
24.I was about to leave while the telephone rang.(when)
25.He was good at maths when she was good at English.(while)
26.She was smiling but nodding at me.(and)
27.It doesnt matter that I will win or not.(whether)
28.I can do all what I can to help you.(that or all\)
29.An architect is to architecture that a painter is to art.(what)
30.The old couple have two sons, both of them are doctors.(whom)
31.During these three months,he asked a lot of questions,most of them were not about his lessons.(which)
32.The boy had too many strange questions that the teacher could not answer all of them.(so)
33.If the meeting will be held in our school is not known yet.(Whether)
34.The reason why he couldnt go to school is because he was ill.(that)
35.Which is known to us all, China is famous for china.(As)
四、詞性使用錯誤
詞性使用錯誤主要是學生對詞的屬性不了解以及形容詞副詞的級別混淆不清。形容詞是修飾語,修飾名詞作定語,以及表語和補語。副詞是修飾動詞或形容詞的。一些動詞兼作連系動詞,后面是要用形容詞的等。
36.The meat tastes well.(good)
37.I hope everything goes smooth.(smoothly)
38.“Cant you read?”Mary said angry.(angrily)
39.Mr.Wang is possible to come tomorrow.(likely)
40.Finally Jack couldnt stand it any long.(longer)
41.Little Lucy went to school happily and excited with a small bag.(excitedly)
42.The classroom is much big than that one.(bigger)
43.Smoking is harm to your health.)(harmful)
44.Jack shows a great interested in maths.(interest)
45.Every day Wang fang walks cross the bridge.(across)
五、名詞使用錯誤
名詞使用主要是考查名詞是否可數,與其修飾語是否一致等問題。英語中名詞的可數與不可數性與漢語中的概念差距很大,不能受母語的思維定式的影響。
(一)可數名詞前無a or an或不加_s
46.She said that she and my schoolmate all washed me success.(schoolmates)
47.I caught∧ glimpse of her when I left.(∧a)
48.“Be quiet .”she said in∧ low voice.(∧a)
49.He got up and left in∧ hurry.(∧a)
50.Everybody wants to leave∧ good impression on others.(∧a)
(二)不可數名詞前卻加了a or an或 _s
51.I have got a wonderful news.(a\)
52.I caught a sight of her in the crowd.(a\)
53.The earthquake did lots of damages to the area.(damage)
54.What a great fun!(a\)
55.She has got lots of informations about it.(information)
六、冠詞使用錯誤
英語中只有三個冠詞,但用起來卻很復雜。在短文改錯中,錯誤不外乎該用冠詞時沒有用,不該用時卻用了;該用 an用了 a,該用 a(n)卻用了 the 及錯誤使用固定短語等。
56.I meant to write ∧letter and tell you all the things…(∧a)endprint
57.He is considered as a honest boy.(an)
58.He has been ill for long.Now he is in the hospital.(the\)
59.He came on a unusual day.(an)
60.He graduated from an university.(a)
NOTES:in church 做禮拜 in the church 在教堂
In prison 蹲監獄 in the prison 在監獄里
In class 在上課 in the class在教室里
In school 在校求學 in the school在學校里
七、介詞使用錯誤
介詞使用錯誤主要是動詞短語和介詞短語固定搭配使用錯誤。
61.If you break the law,youll end up with prison.(in)
62.So he wanted to send Tom away at school.(from)
63.We feel they are as our dear parents.(like)
64.Like us students,we should study hard.(As)
65.I was caught by the rain and was wet through.(in)
66.They can choose among different kinds of Chinese food and foreign food.(between)
67.The child is old enough to attend at his own needs.(to)
68.The government provided the victims for necessary goods.(with)
69.He is very grateful for his parents.(to)
70.She is accustomed to teach at middle school.(teaching)
八、代詞使用錯誤
代詞使用錯誤包括人稱代詞的格(主格.賓格),形容詞性和名詞性的物主代詞,反身代詞(主語和賓語是同一人稱時),替代詞等使用錯誤。
71.He found him lying on the ground when he woke up.(himself)
72.I taught his English when he was young.(him)
73.Now I can go online and have an e-friend to keep my company.(me)
74.Since you are hungry,why not have any bread first?(some)
75.Li Tao said he found ∧difficult to learn English.(∧it)
76.Isnt that strange that he should have left without telling us?(it)
九、“TO”使用錯誤
TO有雙重功能,既是動詞不定式的標志,也是介詞,后面搭名詞或動名詞。
77.Im looking forward to receive your letter.(receiving)
78.The day Im looking forward to coming at last.(came)
79.Please try to get your father∧ give up smoking.(∧to)
80.Dont let him to speak it out.(to\)
81.Little Tom was made∧ work 12 hours a day.(∧to)
82.Jack is now used to live in China.(living)
83.The knife is used to cutting beef.(cut)
十、偷換概念
偷換概念從語法的角度和句式結構上看都沒有任何錯誤,但從上下文的邏輯關系上卻出現矛盾。前言不搭后語,甚至性別錯亂、情景混亂等錯誤。
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84.One day,a girl received a gift,so he felt happy.(she)
85.The two used to see much of each other,but they have ∧been able to do so since one of them moved to another city.(∧not)
86.Fortunately,when we got to the cinema,we found all the tickets had been sold out.(Unfortunately)
十一、詞語固定搭配
主要考查英語中的一些固定句型與習慣搭配,如介詞與動詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配;副詞、動詞的固定搭配;及物動詞后錯用介詞或副詞以及不及物動詞后少介詞等。endprint
87.My teacher advised me to keep my diary.(a)
88.In my surprise,he did very well in his previous job.(To)
89.I thought that was dull to watch a game.(it)
90.I have no difficulty learn maths.(learning)
91.He spends too much time play games.(playing)
十二、句法的測試
(一)主謂語在數上的一致
92.I hope everything are all right with you.(is)
(二)名詞性從句
93.A man came up to him and asked that he needed.(what)
94.She said that she would do that she could to help me.(what)
(三)定語從句
95.This would save the life of many animals,some of them have almost died out.(which)
96.I will do everything what I can to help you.(that或刪除what)
(四)強調句型
It is/was +被強調的部分+that/who…
97.It was in 1949 when he joined the army.(that)
98.It was Tom whom was to blame.(who)
99.It was in the restaurant where he ate his supper which he lost his wallet.(that)
100.It was in the morning when he arrived.(that)
以上歸納總結了英語短文改錯中常見的錯誤題型,學生要逐漸體會和把握短文改錯這一題型的規律。同時,在平時寫作過程中要十分注意自己容易犯的語法錯誤,還可以通過看其他同學的習作,欣賞的同時也可有意識地把該習作進行一下“改錯”。學生除多做改錯專項練習外,也要做與短文改錯題型相關的其他練習,從而通過系列練習提升短文改錯能力。
【參考文獻】
[1]丁言仁.英語語言學綱要[M].上海:上海外語出版社,2001
[2]馮崔華.英語修辭大全[K].北京:商務印書館,1996
[3]黃國文.語篇與語言得到功能[M].北京:北京教學與研究出版社,2002
【作者簡介】駱 勤(1966— ),女,甘肅臨洮人,甘肅省蘭州第五十一中學外語組英語教師,中學高級職稱。
(責編 劉 影)endprint