7d行PDT的患者86例為晚期" />
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【摘要】 目的 評價氣管切開時機對需長期機械通氣患者的影響。方法 167例日照市中醫醫院急診科重癥監護室(ICU)收治的進行經皮擴張氣管切開術(PDT)的急危重癥患者作為研究對象, 依據經口氣管插管機械通氣時間將患者分成兩組, 其中≤7 d行PDT的患者81例為早期氣切組, >7 d行PDT的患者86例為晚期氣切組, 對兩組經口氣管插管機械通氣時間、PDT時間、PDT后機械通氣時間、總機械通氣時間、在PDT后住ICU時間、ICU住院時間、總住院時間以及病死率進行比較, 并進行相關分析。結果 早期氣切組經口氣管插管機械通氣時間為(5.16±1.33)d、PDT時間為(5.16±1.33)d、PDT后機械通氣時間為(15.16±1.05)d、總機械通氣時間為(18.02±2.03)d、在PDT后住ICU時間為(16.05±1.25)d、ICU住院時間為(21.13±0.25)d優于晚期氣切組的(11.64±4.25)、(11.64±4.25)、(17.18±1.23)、(26.02±3.03)、(21.08±1.55)、(32.25±1.35)d, 差異均有統計學意義(P<0.05)。兩組患者總住院時間、ICU住院病死率以及住院病死率比較, 差異均無統計學意義(P>0.05)。單因素回歸分析顯示, 總機械通氣時間與PDT時間呈正相關(r=0.552, t=8.495, P=0.000<0.05)。損傷嚴重度評分、PDT后機械通氣時間、總機械通氣時間與延長ICU住院時間均具有相關性(P<0.05);年齡、急性生理學與慢性健康狀況評分系統Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)評分和格拉斯哥昏迷評分(GCS)與延長ICU住院時間無明顯相關性(P>0.05)。多因素方差分析顯示, 總機械通氣時間是ICU住院時間延長的獨立危險因素[OR=4.700, 95%置信區間=(0.990, 2.614), F=106.200, P=0.000<0.05]。結論 急危重癥患者行早期氣切可縮短機械通氣時間和ICU住院時間, 但不影響患者的預后, 對需長期機械通氣患者氣管切開時機宜采用7 d內進行。
【關鍵詞】 氣管切開;機械通氣;時機
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2017.26.003
【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the effect of timing of tracheotomy on patients with long - term mechanical ventilation. Methods A total of 167 critically ill patients with percutaneous dilatation tracheotomy (PDT) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Rizhao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital as study subjects were divided by oral tracheal intubation mechanical ventilation time into two groups, with 81 patients undergoing PDT less 7 d as early tracheostomy group, and 86 patients undergoing PDT more than 7 d as late tracheostomy group. Comparison were made on oral tracheal intubation mechanical ventilation time, PDT time, mechanical ventilation time after PDT, total mechanical ventilation time, ICU stay time after PDT, ICU hospitalization time, total hospitalization time and fatality rate in two groups for correlation analysis. Results The early tracheostomy group had oral tracheal intubation mechanical ventilation time as (5.16±1.33) d, PDT time as (5.16±1.33) d, mechanical ventilation time after PDT as (15.16±1.05) d, total mechanical ventilation time as (18.02±2.03) d, ICU stay time after PDT as (16.05±1.25) d, ICU hospitalization time as (21.13±0.25) d, which were all better than (11.64±4.25), (11.64±4.25), (17.18±1.23), (26.02±3.03), (21.08±1.55) and (32.25±1.35) d in the late tracheostomy group, and their difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Both groups had no statistically significant difference in total hospitalization time, ICU hospital fatality rate and hospital fatality rate (P>0.05).Single factor regression analysis showed that the total mechanical ventilation time was positively correlated with PDT time (r=0.552, t=8.495, P=0.000<0.05). The injury severity score, mechanical ventilation time after PDT, total mechanical ventilation time were correlated with prolonged ICU hospitalization time (P<0.05). Age, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE Ⅱ) score and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) were not significantly associated with prolonged ICU hospitalization (P>0.05). Multivariate analysis of variance showed that the total mechanical ventilation time was an independent risk factor for prolonged ICU hospitalization time [OR=4.700, 95%CI=(0.990, 2.614), F=106.200, P=0.000<0.05]. Conclusion Early tracheostomy for critically ill patients can shorten mechanical ventilation time and ICU hospitalization time, and it does not affect the prognosis of patients. Tracheotomy should be performed with 7 d for patients with long - term mechanical ventilation.endprint
【Key words】 Tracheotomy; Mechanical ventilation; Timing
伴隨著現代科學技術的長足發展, 醫學各領域相應技術也取得了重大的進步, 現代ICU病房的發展也相應隨之改變。臨床許多重癥患者經氣管插管接呼吸機輔助通氣治療已成為不可或缺的治療手段[1-3]。而對于需要長時間氣管插管接呼吸機通氣治療的患者, 后期均需進行氣管切開, 這已成為了現代ICU治療的重要手段。近年來, 許多研究充分的證據證明氣管切開時機, 以早期的氣管切開對患者最為有利[4, 5]。本文回顧性分析日照市中醫醫院急診科167例ICU患者經氣管切開的情況, 從而為氣管切開時機對需長期機械通氣ICU患者的影響提供必要的臨床依據。……p>