歌禾賦麥與題柳看花

關鍵詞： 世變；時事；《圓圓曲》；吳梅村；多元視角

摘 要： 明清鼎革，吳梅村歷經甲申（1644）之慟，崇禎自縊，李自成陷京，清軍入關，亡國的驚懼、屈辱與痛楚，乃于八年后寫下《圓圓曲》，以猶具“時事”性的陳圓圓為主角所繪制的時代容顏，引發后續許多有關陳圓圓的創作與討論。本文分為“如何記憶一個令人同情的亡國君王”、“倖存者的余悸：世變滄桑中的兒女故事”、“《圓圓曲》的身世記憶：首發其端而成千古絕唱”三部分，嘗試從草野齊民、為女性作傳、詩性敘事、身世記憶、“歌禾賦麥”與“題柳看花”等閱讀視角，探討吳梅村在創作上合抒情、敘事與表演而為一，以游走在“時事”和“故事”之間的詩歌敘述，帶著同情的了解與哀憐，采取戲劇性的手法與抒情聲音，藉由重新審視歷史上的興亡故事，牽動著同處滄桑巨變的劫后幸存者，乃能在個人名節、國家興亡與文化存毀之外，關注到更為廣大而無辜的“天下蒼生”，以一代興亡入詩史的“梅村體”，為時代留下最真切的見證，自非比興寄托的抒情傳統所能拘限。

中圖分類號： I207.22

文獻標志碼： A

文章編號： 1001 2435（2017）06 0679 11

Abstract：

Wu MeiTsun（吳梅村） suffered from the chaos when Ming dynasty was perished by Qing. He wrote the Song of Yuan Yuan（圓圓曲） about eight years after the dynasty change. This poem portrayed and recorded the story of Chen Yuan Yuan， and attracted a large quantity of discussions about Song of Yuan Yuan.This article was divided into three parts. The first described how a pitiful king who lost his country was memorized. The second part delineated the survivors story when the dynasty collapsed. The third part represented the interpretation of “Song of Yuan Yuan”. I attempted to discuss how Wu integrated lyric， narrative and performance into his creation with multiple perspectives， and to discuss why he concerned about the innocent common people by reexamining the history of the rise and the fall of the nation. I considered that the implication of Wus “Poem of MeiTsun Style” （梅村體）， which records what had happened in that period with evidence in it， is superior to the traditional lyric of “BiXing”（比興）.

一、前言

吳偉業（16091671）生當明、清易代之際①，以梅村為號，以詩為“史外傳心之史”，尤擅七言歌行，有“梅村體”敘事詩百首，尤以《圓圓曲》最為膾炙人口，歷來已有許多研究[1][2]。有關本詩寫作年代，眾說不一，周法高

《吳梅村詩叢考》考訂于“順治七年（1650）前后”[3]187192，錢仲聯《 吳梅村詩補箋》依吳三桂

（16121678）于順治五年（1648）自錦州移駐漢中，八年八月“入覲”后，奉命進兵四川，此詩全不及四川以后事，考證為順治八年作[4]101。……