南宋江南圩田經濟地位試探

沈世培

關鍵詞： 南宋；江南；圩田；經濟地位

摘 要： 南宋政府為了解決財政困難、安置流民和穩定社會，大力發展江南圩田經濟。由于將治水與治田結合，修復舊圩田，開辟新圩田，南宋江南圩田得到充分開發，在江東、浙西和浙東地區農田中占有重要地位，擴大了江南水田規模。由于農業生產條件好，耕作技術先進，人民勤勞，實行集約經營方式和農業耕作制度變革，農業生產多種經營和專門化經營相結合，有圩田的江東、浙西和浙東成為南宋農業集約經營的典型地區，其中圩田經濟起著重要作用。圩田是南宋賦稅重要來源，圩田租課在地方稅收中比例較大，到南宋后期在中央財政中也占有重要地位。南宋江南圩田經濟獲得充分發展，經濟地位高，對經濟重心南移也有重要作用。

中圖分類號： K245

文獻標志碼： A

文章編號： 1001 2435（2017）06 0698 07

Abstract：

In the Southern Song Dynasty， the government developed the jiangnan polder economy for solving financial difficulties and placing the refugee and stabilizing the society. Becauce of combining managing water with managing field and repairing the old paddy field and constructing the new paddy field， the jiangnan polder was fully developed in the Southern Song Dynasty and occupied an important position in the farmland of Jiangdong， Zhexi and Zhedong area and expanded the scale of jiangnan paddy field. Because of good agricultural production conditions advanced farming techniques and people's hardworking intensive management mode farming system change and agricultural production of a variety of management and specialized management， the area of Jiangdong and Zhexi and Zhedong which had the polder became the type area of Southern Song Dynasty agricultural intensive management and the jiangnan polder economy playd an important role. The polder was an important source of taxes of the Southern Song Dynasty and the polder tax took a higher percentage of local tax and occupied an important position in the central government in the late Southern Song Dynasty. The jiangnan polder economy of the southern song dynasty got full development and its economic status was high and it also had an important significance on economic center moving southward.

江南圩田是長江下游地區開辟的低洼水田，興起于春秋，經歷唐五代發展，北宋遭到破壞，到南宋經恢復和開發，在江南東路、浙西路和浙東路有大量分布。圩田在各地稱呼不同，江東多稱圩田，也稱圍田或湖田；浙西多稱圍田，也稱圩田等；浙東多稱湖田，也稱圩田。其稱呼不同，都是一種低水田，也可以統稱為圩田。另外，中國古代經濟重心，唐代中期以前，在以黃河流域為中心的北方中原地區，淮河、長江以南地區比較落后。但是唐代中期以后，經濟重心逐漸移到淮河和長江以南地區，到南宋完全移到江南。華北農業是以種粟麥為主的旱田農業，江南農業是以種粳稻為主的水田農業。……