關(guān)鍵詞: 康有為;朱熹;思想淵源;傳承譜系;近代哲學(xué)
摘 要: 如果說被抨擊、貶損是朱熹在近代的宿命的話,那么,朱熹在康有為那里的際遇則可以說是一個例外。無論康有為對朱熹的關(guān)注之廣還是評價之高都在近代哲學(xué)家中獨樹一幟,亦顯得格外引人注目。康有為對朱熹的關(guān)注和考辨集中在先秦和北宋兩個時期,為朱熹找到了諸多的理論來源,其中最為重要的莫過于荀子。在康有為的視界中,如果說源頭眾多預(yù)示了朱熹思想的博大精深的話,那么,與荀子以及曾子的密切關(guān)系則決定了朱熹之學(xué)偏于一隅而不諳孔子大道。
中圖分類號: B21
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: A
文章編號: 1001 2435(2017)06 0720 07
Key words:
Kang Youwei; Zhu Xi ; thought origin; propagation; modern Chinese philosophy
Abstract:
If Zhu Xi was doomed to be attacked and criticized in the modern history , the fortune of Zhu Xi in Kang Youwei was an exception. The paying a wide attention and paying high tribute to Zhu Xi by Kang Youwei were unique in the modern Chinese philosophers, and look noticeable.The seeing and inspecting of Kang Youwei to Zhu Xi focused on PreQin and NorthSong ,found more thought origin for Zhu Xi, and the most important was Xunzi. In Kang Youweis visual world, varied origin indicated that Zhu Xis thought had extensive knowledge and profound scholarship, the close relation with Xun Zi and Zeng Zi decided that Zhu Xis thought was partial and was not proficient in the doctrine of Confucius.
熱衷于考辨中國本土文化“學(xué)術(shù)源流”使康有為關(guān)注先秦諸子的身份歸屬和傳承譜系,這一致思方向、價值旨?xì)w同樣適用于他對朱熹的審視和考察。事實上,康有為對朱熹的關(guān)注從追溯思想淵源入手,試圖透過思想淵源和傳承譜系來展示、凸顯朱熹思想的內(nèi)容構(gòu)成和理論特質(zhì)。深入剖析可以發(fā)現(xiàn),康有為對朱熹思想淵源和傳承譜系的勾勒隱藏著對朱熹的矛盾評價——既肯定朱熹思想的博大精深,又指責(zé)其偏于一隅而不諳孔子大道。
一、朱熹與先秦
康有為對朱熹的思想淵源和傳承譜系興趣盎然,一直追溯到先秦。正如他對“學(xué)術(shù)源流”的考辨決定了對中國本土文化的探究以先秦為重心一樣,康有為對朱熹傳承譜系的勾勒從先秦開始一直延續(xù)到漢唐和宋明。這拉近了先秦諸子與宋明思想家的學(xué)術(shù)關(guān)聯(lián),既以宋明學(xué)術(shù)印證了先秦諸子的思想傳播軌跡,又為宋明學(xué)術(shù)在先秦找到了理論源頭。……