采煤塌陷地生態(tài)改造的綜合評價(jià)與優(yōu)化研究——以平頂山市白鷺洲國家城市濕地公園為例

柴佳佳 郭志永

摘 要：煤炭資源在人類生產(chǎn)和發(fā)展的過程中發(fā)揮著重要作用，但煤炭經(jīng)大規(guī)模開采后，出現(xiàn)的采煤塌陷地造成了大量土地資源的浪費(fèi)，給環(huán)境及人們的生產(chǎn)和生活帶來了極大危害。隨著人們對采煤塌陷地生態(tài)改造研究的不斷深入，經(jīng)過生態(tài)改造后的塌陷地現(xiàn)狀引起了越來越多人的關(guān)注。本文以平頂山市白鷺洲國家城市濕地公園為研究對象，將濕地公園分為六個(gè)功能分區(qū)，對其進(jìn)行改造現(xiàn)狀評價(jià)。依據(jù)人居環(huán)境理論等理論，有針對性地提出優(yōu)化措施，以實(shí)現(xiàn)生態(tài)效益、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會效益，同時(shí)也為其他存在相似問題的濕地公園提供優(yōu)化參考意見。

關(guān)鍵詞：采煤塌陷地；生態(tài)改造；綜合評價(jià)

中圖分類號：X826 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：A 文章編號：1003-5168（2018）08-0118-04

Study on Comprehensive Evaluation And optimization of

Ecological Rehabilitation of Coal Mining Subsidence Land

——Pingdingshan Egret Island Country City Wetland Park as an Example

CHAI Jiajia GUO Zhiyong

（Henan University， Kaifeng Henan 475000）

Abstract： Coal resources play a key role in the process of human production and development. However， after the large-scale exploitation of coal， the coal mining subsidence land has caused a lot of waste of land resources， which has brought great harm to the environment and people's production and life. With the deepening of the research on Ecological Transformation of coal mining subsidence， the present situation of the subsidence area after the ecological transformation has attracted more and more people's attention. This paper taken the National Urban Wetland Park of Pingdingshan Egret Island as the research object， divided the Wetland Park into six functional divisions， and appraised the reform status of the wetland park. According to the theory of human settlements and other theories， targeted measures were put forward to achieve sustainable development of ecological， economic and social benefits. At the same time， it also provides reference for other similar wetland parks.

Keywords： coal mining subsidence land；ecological transformation；comprehensive evaluation

1 研究背景

隨著煤炭資源不斷被開采，包括地表沉陷、矸石排放等在內(nèi)的各種生態(tài)環(huán)境問題日益突出，已成為制約煤炭資源型城市社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要阻礙。基于此，因地制宜地治理采煤塌陷地對煤炭資源型城市的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。

國外對采煤塌陷地環(huán)境整治的研究是從土地復(fù)墾研究和應(yīng)用開始的。19世紀(jì)20年代，美國和德國開始土地復(fù)墾的研究和應(yīng)用，到70年代復(fù)墾技術(shù)逐步成熟。19世紀(jì)中葉，“園林之父”奧姆斯特德提出“設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)合自然”的景觀設(shè)計(jì)理念，主張對原有的自然狀態(tài)進(jìn)行最低限度的改造。1969年，美國景觀建筑師麥克哈格出版《設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)合自然》一書，在該書中提出了景觀生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)理論。……