稱重式降水傳感器與翻斗式降水傳感器在汛期捕獲降水量的差異研究

米凱

摘 要：本文根據(jù)新鄉(xiāng)氣象站2015—2017年各年4月至10月共21個(gè)月164個(gè)降水日的降水資料，對稱重式降水傳感器和翻斗式降水傳感器的差異性進(jìn)行分析，得出以下結(jié)論：稱重式降水傳感器比翻斗式降水傳感器統(tǒng)計(jì)的平均月降水量少0.69mm，平均日降水量少0.32mm；稱重式降水傳感器捕獲的降水量開始時(shí)間滯后于翻斗式4.68min；稱重式降水傳感器與翻斗式日降水量呈線性相關(guān)，相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.998 3。

關(guān)鍵詞：降水量；稱重式降水傳感器；翻斗式降水傳感器；差異；相關(guān)性

中圖分類號：P414.95 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：A 文章編號：1003-5168（2018）08-0149-03

The Difference of Precipitation between the Flood Season of

the Weighing and Tipping Precipitation Sensor

MI Kai

（Xinxiang Meteorological Bureau，Xinxiang Henan 453000）

Abstract： In order to know more clearly the difference between weight relative and tilting rainfall sensors， we analyze the precipitation， precipitation data of 21 months of Xinxiang national basic weather stations in 2015-2017.Statistical methods were used to compare the daily precipitation and monthly precipitation captured by the two sensors and the error of the minute precipitation distribution during individual periods. The following conclusion was drawn： the average monthly precipitation of the weighing type precipitation sensor was less than that of the bucket type precipitation sensor， and the average monthly precipitation was less 0.69mm， and the level of the precipitation sensor was less than that of the inverted bucket type precipitation sensor. The average daily precipitation was less than 0.32mm， and the rainfall initial time of the weighing precipitation sensor lagged behind the bucket type 4.68min， and the weight type precipitation sensor was linearly correlated with the diurnal precipitation， and the correlation coefficient was 0.9983.

Keywords： precipitation；weighing gauge；tipping gauge；difference；correlation

隨著社會的不斷進(jìn)步和發(fā)展及環(huán)境的變化，人們對天氣的預(yù)報(bào)和氣象災(zāi)害的防御信息需求日益增加。天氣預(yù)報(bào)與預(yù)警服務(wù)的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)來源于地面觀測，降水觀測是地面觀測最重要的項(xiàng)目之一。降水資料是氣候分析、氣候變化研究和數(shù)值天氣預(yù)報(bào)模式等方面的重要基礎(chǔ)資料[1]。降水包括固態(tài)、液態(tài)及混合態(tài)降水。對于冬季降水觀測自動化問題，中國氣象探測中心在2006年和2009年冬季兩次組織稱重式降水傳感器的考核實(shí)驗(yàn)，并開展有關(guān)分析評估[2]，也有學(xué)者對自動站雨量計(jì)資料開展質(zhì)量控制等方法進(jìn)行研究[3]。本文從汛期液態(tài)降水的角度對稱重式降水傳感器和翻斗式降水傳感器進(jìn)行差異對比，從各方面找出降水量差異的原因，對今后進(jìn)一步完善設(shè)備性能提供借鑒。

1 儀器的工作原理和觀測資料

新鄉(xiāng)氣象站當(dāng)前使用的翻斗式降水傳感器即雙翻斗雨量傳感器，型號SL3-1。……