朱丹溪學說思想及其淵源探析

陳偉　許寶才

[摘要] 朱丹溪為金元四大家之一，是滋陰派創始人。其提出陽有余陰不足論、相火論、氣血痰郁論、濕熱觀和治病護養脾胃等學說觀點。文章認為“丹溪學說”是朱丹溪以宋元理學為指導、潛研經典、汲取金元各家之長、力糾局方弊端，加上時、域影響、經師徒授受而形成。通過對“丹溪學說”思想及其淵源的研究，進一步探析中醫流派的形成緣由，以期對現代名中醫培養模式有所啟示。

[關鍵詞] 朱丹溪；學說思想；淵源；中醫流派；文獻研究；名中醫師；培養

[中圖分類號] R249.2 [文獻標識碼] B [文章編號] 1673-9701（2018）19-0142-04

Analysis on the thought of Zhu Danxi theory and its origin

CHEN Wei XU Baocai

Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases， Quzhou Hospital of TCM in Zhejiang Province， Quzhou 324000，China

[Abstract] Zhu Danxi is one of the four medical schools and is the founder of Nourishing Yin School. He proposed the theory of "sufficient yang and insufficient yin"， theory of "ministerial fire"， theory of "qi， blood and phlegm depression"， the view of "dampness and heat"， the view of "treatment for the care of spleen and stomach" and other theories and views. This article holds the opinion that "Danxi Theory"， based on the science of the Song and Yuan Dynasties as guidance， was formed by Zhu Danxi through investigation on typical masterpieces， learning from the essences from experts in the Jin and Yuan dynasties， and correcting the disadvantages of local recipes， combined with the impacts of the time and place and mentoring between teachers and students. Through the study on "Danxi Theory" and its origin， this article further analyzes the reasons for formation of TCM genre， so as to absorb some enlightenment for the training mode of famous doctors of modern Chinese medicine.

[Key words] Zhu Danxi； Theories and thoughts； Origin； TCM genre； Literature study； Famous doctors of TCM； Training

對于一個學術流派的形成，任應秋先生曾說過：“凡一學派之成立，必有其內在聯系，否則，便無學派可言。所謂內在聯系，一者，師門授受，或親炙或私淑，各承其說而光大之。一者，學術見解不一致，各張其說影響于人。[1]”也就是說，學說思想的形成有三個要素：一是有師承授受，繼承而創新形成有獨到見解的理論體系；二是具有創新理論的代表人物；三是對后世學術發展影響深遠。朱丹溪是金元四大家之一，其主要學說思想“丹溪學說”——滋陰學派，成就卓然可觀，備受后世推崇。因此本文就丹溪學說思想及其淵源進行研究，探析中醫流派的形成緣由，以期對現代名中醫培養模式有所啟示。

1 丹溪生平簡述

從近年朱丹溪生平不斷考證完善的資料顯示，朱丹溪，名震亨，字彥修，號丹溪，為現在的義烏赤岸鎮人，生于元世祖至元十八年十一月二十八日（公元1281），卒于元至正十八年六月二十四日（公元1358年）[2]。……