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抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5在結直腸癌中的表達及 臨床意義

2019-01-09 07:05:19虞佳音王振李鑫楊宏杰張琳汪靜宇
中國現代醫生 2019年33期

虞佳音 王振 李鑫 楊宏杰 張琳 汪靜宇

[摘要] 目的 研究抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5(ACP5)在結直腸癌(CRC)中的表達,并探討其臨床意義。 方法 采用酶聯免疫吸附試驗(ELISA)檢測2017年1月~2018年4月35例結直腸癌患者和46例正常健康人血清中ACP5的水平;采用免疫組織化學(IHC)技術檢測160例CRC組織中ACP5蛋白的表達情況;采用統計學方法對ACP5蛋白水平及臨床病理特征進行評估。 結果 與正常健康對照組相比,結直腸癌患者血清ACP5水平明顯升高(P=0.0071);IHC結果顯示,淋巴結轉移組伴隨ACP5高表達(P=0.003);統計分析結果顯示,ACP5高表達的患者生存期較短(P=0.001),ACP5表達與淋巴結轉移相關。 結論 ACP5有可能成為預測CRC淋巴轉移的標志物,其在CRC組織中的表達是影響預后的不良因素。

[關鍵詞] ACP5;結直腸癌;轉移標志物;免疫組化;酶聯免疫吸附試驗

[中圖分類號] R735.3? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-9701(2019)33-0131-05

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5 (ACP5) in colorectal cancer (CRC) and to explore its clinical significance. Methods The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum ACP5 levels of 35 patients with colorectal cancer and 46 normal healthy individuals from January 2017 to April 2018. The immunohistochemical method (IHC) was used to detect the expression of ACP5 protein in 160 cases of CRC tissues. Statistical methods were used to evaluate the ACP5 protein levels and clinicopathological features. Results It was found by ELISA that the serum ACP5 levels in the patients with colorectal cancer were significantly elevated compared to those in the normal healthy controls(P=0.0071). It was found by IHC that the lymph node metastasis group was associated with high expression of ACP5(P=0.003). It was found by statistical analysis that the survival time was shorter for the patients with higher expression of ACP5 (P=0.001) and that ACP5 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis. Conclusion ACP5 may serve as a marker for predicting CRC lymphatic metastasis and that its expression in CRC tissue is an adverse factor affecting prognosis.

[Key words] ACP5; Colorectal cancer; Metastatic marker; Immunohistochemistry; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

根據《CA:臨床醫師癌癥雜志》2019年最新癌癥統計數據顯示,大腸癌患者的新發病率和死亡率在男性和女性中均居第三位[1]。2017年中國一項研究報告顯示,結直腸癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)的發病率和死亡率持續上升。在我國城鎮化程度較高的地區,結直腸癌的發病率和死亡率甚至上升到第二位和第四位[2]。這些權威數據表明,結直腸癌仍是人類健康的主要威脅之一,結直腸癌的預防和控制問題十分嚴峻。結直腸癌的發生發展與多種信號通路及相關基因有關,然而,結直腸癌發生發展的分子機制還沒有完全了解。因此,研究抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5(tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5,ACP5)為結直腸癌的診斷、治療和預后提供理論依據尤為重要。

近期研究表明,ACP5廣泛參與了乳腺癌、卵巢癌、惡性黑色素瘤和肺腺癌的發生發展[3-5]。然而,關于ACP5與結直腸癌之間關系的報道卻很少,ACP5在結直腸癌中的表達情況及其與結直腸癌發生發展的關系尚不明確。本研究中利用酶聯免疫吸附試驗(ELISA)檢測了結直腸癌患者和正常健康人血清中ACP5的水平,并利用免疫組織化學(immunohistochemical me-thod,IHC)技術檢測了結直腸癌組織中ACP5蛋白的表達情況,結合臨床病理特征進行評估分析,探討ACP5的表達在結直腸癌中的臨床意義。現報道如下。

最近,ACP5在肝、膽、胃腸道惡性腫瘤中的作用開始受到越來越多的關注。Xia L等人[25]的研究表明,ACP5在肝癌組織中的表達明顯高于癌旁組織,其過表達與微血管浸潤、分化差、TNM分期高有關。此外,ACP5陽性HCC患者的預后較ACP5陰性HCC患者差。多因素生存分析顯示ACP5是術后復發和低生存率的獨立且顯著的危險因素。ACP5可以直接調控FoxM1的轉錄,促進HCC的轉移。因此,ACP5可能是HCC患者預后的候選靶點,并為其提供了新的治療靶點。Mikio K等[26]人在胃癌(GC)中對ACP5的研究中發現,ACP5在胃癌組織中的mRNA表達明顯高于癌旁配對組織。mRNA表達增加與淋巴結及腹膜轉移相關,ACP5表達是腹膜轉移的獨立危險因素,預后較差。因此,ACP5是胃癌患者腹膜轉移的預測因子,可能在胃癌腹膜轉移中發揮重要作用。ACP5可能是胃癌腹膜轉移及預后不良的標志物。

以上研究表明,ACP5在許多惡性腫瘤的發生發展過程中發揮著一定的作用。然而,ACP5在結直腸癌中的作用卻鮮有報道。本研究采用免疫組織化學(IHC)方法探討ACP5與結直腸癌臨床病理特征的關系。結果表明,ACP5的表達與結直腸癌的直徑、部位、腫瘤類型及分化程度無統計學意義。然而,ACP5的表達與淋巴結轉移呈正相關,ACP5表達高的患者易引起淋巴結轉移。此外,單因素生存分析顯示,高表達水平ACP5的結直腸癌患者的生存時間要短于低表達水平ACP5的結直腸癌患者。這一結果與最近的一項研究一致,該研究[27]也表明ACP5的高表達與CRC淋巴結轉移呈正相關。

考慮到ACP5是一種分泌蛋白,本研究也探討了ACP5是否可以作為結直腸癌的血清學標志物。結果表明,結直腸癌患者血清ACP5水平明顯高于正常對照組。提示血清ACP5水平可作為CRC的血清學指標。

本研究提示ACP5作為癌基因可能在結直腸癌的發生發展過程中發揮重要作用。ACP5的高表達可能會促進結直腸癌的轉移,導致預后不良。血清中ACP5的檢測也提示ACP5可作為結直腸癌的血清學標志物。本研究為進一步研究ACP5的功能和機制提供了良好的理論基礎,并為結直腸癌的早期診斷和個體化靶向治療提供新的可能。

綜上所述,ACP5表達與淋巴結轉移及預后不良呈正相關。ACP5可作為結直腸癌診斷、轉移及預后的潛在預測因子,可能成為結直腸癌新的治療靶點。

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(收稿日期:2019-07-24)

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