高三復習定語從句的一些注意事項

定語從句是高中，乃至所有英語學習階段的必須要掌握的語法，是學習其它從句的先決條件。掌握了定語從句，我們分析句子結構的能力就會提高，從而不但語法題的得分會提高，完形、閱讀理解的中出現(xiàn)的長難句的理解也會迎刃而解，更不用說在寫作時，我們使用它能寫出很多漂亮的句子來了。那對于高三學生來講應該怎樣復習定語從句呢？我想，如大家能記住如下幾個注意點，考試應該不在有問題了。

定語從句的注意事項：

1.結構：先行詞+關系詞+句子 （先看先行詞，再看從句中缺什么成分，最后確定什么關系詞）。

2.關系代詞 who， whom， which， that， whose， as.

關系副詞 when， where， why.

注意：what ，how， whether 不引導定語從句。

3.關系代詞的省略。

（1）關系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語時，可以省略。

1）This is the factory （which/that）your father once worked in.

2）關系代詞在限定性定語從句中作表語時可以省略， 如果不省，不管先行詞是人還是物，用that.

He is no longer the boy （that）he was ten years ago.

3）定語從句中如有be 動詞，那就可以省略作主語的關系代詞和be 動詞。有時，如定語從句中的動詞是個連續(xù)性動詞，則關系代詞省略，動詞改為此動詞的ing形式。

Do you know the person who is talking to your sister at the gate？

= Do you know the person __________to your sister at the gate？

4.關系代詞只能用that的情況。

（1）關系代詞是不定代詞all， everything， anything， much， little， nothing， none， etc.

（2）先行詞被the only， just the ， the very， all， any， much， few， little， no，等修飾時。

（3）先行詞被序數(shù)詞和形容詞的最高級所修飾時。

（4）先行詞既有人又有物。

（5）當主句是以who 或which 開頭的特殊疑問句時（為避免重復）。

（6）從句中缺表語（不管先行詞是人還是物 ）。

（7）在the way后面，有三種情況：可用that， in which或省略。

5.關系代詞在從句中用作主語時，多用who 較少用that。

（1）關系代詞在從句中做主語 A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.

（2）先行詞為those ， anyone ，all， ones ， one ，people 時

Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth .

（3）在There be句型中 There is a stranger who wants to see you .

（4）在被分隔的定語從句中 A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German .

（5）在有兩個定語從句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that，但若先行詞后接兩個以上的并列定語從句時，后一個必須重復前一個關系代詞。The student ____ was praised at the meeting is the monitor _____is very modest and studies very hard .

There is a teacher _______ is always ready to help others and ______ enjoys what he does .

6.關系代詞as 的用法。

（1）as引導限制性定語從句。在the same——as； such——as； as——as ； so——as 結構中，表示同類異物

I have got the same dictionary __________ you have.

區(qū)別：

He is so nice a student ______ we all like him.

He is so nice a student ______ we all like.

注意：有時用這樣的結構”the same--- that” 表示同類同物。

This is the same pen _______I lost yesterday. Please return it to me.

He didnt take the pen， because it was only the same pen _____ he had lost.

（2）as 可以引導非限制性定語從句，指代前面整個句子，往往放在主句的前面，也可中間或后面。從句多用被動語態(tài)， as is the case （像往常一樣），as is expected （正如所料）

The Changjiang River， ______ you know， is the third longest river in the world.

（3）區(qū)別：

______ is known to all， he is a great writer.

_______is known to all that he is a great writer.

_______is known to all is that he is a great writer.

7.當關系代詞前缺少先行詞時，需要用the one 來充當先行詞。這時要通過“還原法”——將問句變成陳述句，就看得清了。

（1）Is this book _______ _______you lent him yesterday？

（2）Is this the book _________was borrowed from the library？

8.定語從句中主謂一致問題。關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致。

Peter is one of the students who ______ French， but the only one of the students who _____ German in our school.（know）

9.如果先行詞是人，但指的是人的品質(zhì)，職業(yè)，此時不用who 或whom， 而用which.

John is a painter， _______ I should also like to be.

10.先行詞是表時間，地點，原因的名詞時，關系詞不一定都用關系副詞 例如：

（1）This is the mountain village ___________ I visited last year.

（2）This is the mountain village ___________I stayed last year.

11.非限制性定語從句不能用that引導，引導詞不管在從句中充當什么成分，都不省。

as 和which 引導非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：

（1）He loves his son very much， ________make his daughter sad.

（2）_______ is reported in the newspaper， Chairman Xi will have a visit to Russia.

（3）The respectable expert should be so rude to his wife， ________ we didnt expect.

12.由介詞+關系代詞構成的定語從句。

（1）關系副詞when=on which ， where=in which， why=for which

Do you know the street _____ _______Li Fang lives？

（2）whose+n.=the +n. +of whom/of which =of whom/of which +the +n.

如：The house whose window faces south belongs to my aunt.

=The house _____ ______ _____ _____ faces south belongs to my aunt.

（3）表示“所屬”關系some of whom/which； two-thirds of whom/which；

the rest of whom/which； 20% of which / whom

There are 30 boys in my class. Most boys are left in the classroom， the rest _____ _____ ______ gone to the playground.

注意：of which/ whom 可放到前面來，如：29% of which =of which 29%。

（4）介詞+關系代詞+n.

如：in which case； during which time； by which time； for which reason等。

His brother will come to see him tomorrow， _______ ________ ________I can turn to him for help.（這樣的話）

（5）定語從句中一些不及物動詞和介詞的搭配，可以放在關系代詞前面，也可放原來的位置上。

如：He is the only person _____ _____ I can turn for help.（向——求助）

注意：1）介詞不能省略，which， whom 不能被that ，who 替代。2）介詞后面加關系代詞，但有時用關系副詞，特別是from where， since when I got to the top of the mountain， from ______ I could see the sun rising .3）如果主句的主語和定語從句的主語是一致的話，那么介詞+關系代詞+to do 代替定語從句。

如：I have two dollars with which I can buy a coffee.

=I have two dollars with which to buy a coffee.

13.如句中既缺主語又缺賓語，那就要看先行詞代替主語還是賓語，另一個用代詞it替代。

The war and the suffering _______ caused affected him greatly.

以上這些點是每個學生在平時的作業(yè)中或多或少疏忽的，如大家對上面的各個點能融會貫通地掌握，無論定語從句以什么形式考查我們，大家得高分都是輕而易舉的事。

【作者簡介】朱莉（1968-），女，江蘇省啟東中學，本科，中學高級教師，研究方向：高中英語語法。