英語名家筆下的冬的臉譜

摘 ? ?要：本文簡要介紹和列舉了英語名家筆下所描述的冬的形象，意在提供一種對冬天的文學閱讀和文學審美的新視角，并希望通過文學閱讀和審美的積累、借鑒和融合，豐富本民族語言的審美表達。

關(guān)鍵詞：冬;臉譜;審美;閱讀

英國浪漫主義詩人拜倫曾說：“英國的冬天，七月剛走，八月又來。”（The English winter--ending in July，To recommence in August.）可見冬天在英國的調(diào)皮和變化莫測。冬，只是一個時間和季節(jié)，但在作家的眼中，冬的千姿百態(tài)千變?nèi)f化，猶如人的臉譜一樣，花樣翻新。

在相隔一個世紀的兩位英國詩人柯珀和湯姆森的筆下，冬天是統(tǒng)治者，是國王：O Winter！ ruler of the inverted year，I crown thee king of intimate delights，F(xiàn)ireside enjoyments， home-born happiness.And all the comforts that the lowly roof Of undisturb'd Retirement， and the hours Of long uninterrupted evening， know（柯柏《任務(wù)》）。See， Winter comes， to rule the varied year，Sullen and sad， with all his rising train;Vapors， and Clouds， and Storms（湯姆森《四季之冬》）。此外，冬天還是湯姆森眼中憂郁恐怖、君臨天下的君主：Dread Winter spreads his latest glooms，And reigns， tremendous， o'er the conquer'd Year.How dead the vegetable kingdom lies！How dumb the tuneful！ Horror wide extends His desolate domain.

在英國詩人和小說家伊麗莎白·蘭登的小說《卡拉拉》中，冬天是美的魔法師，讓世界瞬間變樣：Never tell me of the sterner beauties of winter. Winter may have a mighty beauty of its own， where the mountain rises， white with the snow of a thousand years， hemmed in by black pine forests， eternal in their gloom ; where the overhanging avalanche makes terrible even the slightest sound of the human voice ; and where waters that never flowed spread the glittering valleys with the frost-work of the measureless past.它讓英國變換多姿，如川劇變臉： But the characteristic of English scenery is loveliness. We look for the verdant green of her fields， for the colours of her wild and garden flowers， for daisies universal as hope， and for the cheerful hedges， so various in leaf and bud. Winter comes to us with gray mists and drizzling rains ： now and then， for a day， the frost creates its own fragile and fairy world of gossamer ; but not often. We see the desolate trees， bleak and bare ; the dreary meadows， the withered gardens， and close door and window， to exclude the fog and the east wind.

在莎士比亞的《皆大歡喜》中，冬天長著冰牙，脾氣暴躁地撕咬著人的身體：Here feel we but the penalty of Adam，The seasons' difference， as the icy fang And churlish chiding of the winter's wind， Which， when it bites and blows upon my body，Even till I shrink with cold， I smile and say，"This is no flattery."

在梭羅的《瓦爾登湖》中，冬天既有暴君的粗魯和狂暴喧鬧，也有情人的細心和溫柔可人：Many of the phenomena of Winter are suggestive of an inexpressible tenderness and fragile delicacy. We are accustomed to hear this king described as a rude and boisterous tyrant; but with the gentleness of a lover he adorns the tresses of Summer.

在威廉·布克萊的《致冬》中，冬天是魔法無邊的建筑師，它建立起了黑暗之城，城門上有著堅不可摧的門閂：O Winter！ bar thine adamantine doors：The north is thine; there hast thou built thy dark，Deep-founded habitation. Shake not thy roofs，Nor bend thy pillars with thine iron car.

在“美國鄉(xiāng)村圣人”約翰·巴勒斯的《雪中漫步者》中，冬天是文學靈感的賦予者，它給文學以骨和筋：The tendinous part of the mind， so to speak， is more developed in winter; the fleshy， in summer. I should say winter had given the bone and sinew to literature， summer the tissues and the blood.

此外，冬天還是Edward Thomas筆下魯莽后害羞的男子：（The Winter's cheek flushed as if he had drained Spring， Summer， and Autumn at a draught...）;是Stanley Horowitz的暗喻中的一幅刻蝕版畫：（Winter is an etching， spring a watercolor， summer an oil painting， and autumn a mosaic of them all.）;是Edith Sitwell所推崇的其樂融融合家歡聚的最好時刻：（Winter is the time for comfort， for good food and warmth， for the touch of a friendly hand and for a talk beside the fire： it is the time for home.）;是Yoko Ono認為的堅持不懈堅韌不拔的人類記憶印象：（Spring passes and one remembers ones innocence.Summer passes and one remembers ones exuberance.Autumn passes and one remembers ones reverence.Winter passes and one remembers ones perseverance.）;是Mignon McLaughlin所理解的人類境遇的冷靜提醒者：（Spring， summer， and fall fill us with hope; winter alone reminds us of the human condition.）;是約翰·巴勒斯眼中“水晶的生命，雪花的建筑師，霜凍之火，陽光的靈魂”：（It is the life of the crystal， the architect of the flake， the fire of the frost， the soul of the sunbeam. This crisp winter air is full of it.）;是泰勒·斯威夫特的記憶中“南瓜香料、肉桂、肉豆蔻、姜餅和云杉的味道”：（I love the scents of winter！ For me， it's all about the feeling you get when you smell pumpkin spice， cinnamon， nutmeg， gingerbread and spruce.）........凡此種種，不勝枚舉。

在學習和研究英語的過程當中，有意識地歸類收集和整理英語名家對某些具體事物的獨具慧眼的描述，長期積累，透徹理解，深刻咀嚼，久而久之，既可以體會異域語言表達的豐富多彩，又可以品味不同語言審美的藝術(shù)樂趣，還可以通過借鑒、改造和融合的方式，極大地豐富我們本民族的語言。

參考文獻：

[1]新培金引用語辭典 羅伯特·安德魯 培金出版集團有限公司【M】2006

[2]中國文化概論 張岱年等 北京師范大學出版社【M】2004

作者簡介：陳認真（1970-07 ）男 漢族 籍貫：湖北應城 單位：湖北工業(yè)大學外語學院 講師 研究方向：英漢翻譯 英美文學。