思維導(dǎo)圖助力課文背誦策略及實(shí)例分析

◎林斌

一、思維導(dǎo)圖學(xué)習(xí)策略和價(jià)值

學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)主要是通過大腦完成的。研究表明，我們的大腦接收的信息中，80~90%是通過視覺獲得的。而大腦在獲取這些視覺信息時(shí)，若按照一定組織形式呈現(xiàn)，信息會(huì)更容易被獲得[1]。而思維導(dǎo)圖正是一種有組織形式的說明思維過程的視覺化學(xué)習(xí)工具。

二、思維導(dǎo)圖助力課文背誦的優(yōu)勢(shì)

1.文章結(jié)構(gòu)一目了然。思維導(dǎo)圖有效地梳理了文章內(nèi)容，從整體上把握了段與段，句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，文章走向一目了然，背誦更加順暢。

2.關(guān)鍵詞形象化。思維導(dǎo)圖背誦課文通過提取關(guān)鍵詞，并通過圖像符號(hào)或簡(jiǎn)易標(biāo)識(shí)使之形象化，是思考的記憶過程，并非死記硬背。

3.開啟全腦模式背誦。思維導(dǎo)圖可以極大地激發(fā)背誦者的右腦，因?yàn)閯?chuàng)作導(dǎo)圖的時(shí)候會(huì)使用顏色、形狀和想象力。根據(jù)科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人的大腦是由兩部分組成的，左腦負(fù)責(zé)邏輯、詞匯、數(shù)字，而右腦負(fù)責(zé)抽象思維、直覺、創(chuàng)造力和想象力。用思維導(dǎo)圖背誦課文用了左右腦的功能，是全腦背誦。

三、利用思維導(dǎo)圖課文背誦實(shí)例分析

我校對(duì)剛?cè)雽W(xué)的高一新生有要求背誦新概念2課文的要求，并且還會(huì)在月考中考查。本文以我校本次月考考查篇目新概念2 Lesson 57“Can I help you,madam?”為例分析如何利用思維導(dǎo)圖指導(dǎo)背誦。

語篇內(nèi)容：

A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop.Though she hesitated for a moment,she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.Glancing at her scornfully,he told her that the dress was sold.The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day.She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat,with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.After seeking out the rude assistant,she asked for the same dress.Not realizing who she was,the assistant was eager to serve her this time.With great difficulty,he climbed into the shop window to get the dress.As soon as she saw it,the woman said she did not like it.She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.

準(zhǔn)備材料：鉛筆，橡皮，彩鉛筆，白紙一張。

操作步驟如下。

1.通讀課文，理解文章，了解句型結(jié)構(gòu)。英語基礎(chǔ)弱的學(xué)生可以翻譯文章。

2.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，找出主要人物，大概將文章分為幾個(gè)部分。

主題：the woman,the assistant,buy the coat

(第一天)①A woman in jeans stood...she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.②The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed...and decided to punish the assistant next day.(第二天)③ She returned to the shop...After seeking out the rude assistant,she asked for the same dress.④Not realizing who she was...the woman said she did not like it.⑤She enjoyed herself making the assistant...

3.劃取關(guān)鍵詞(underline the key words)。

(第一天)①A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop.Though she hesitated for a moment,she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.②The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.Glancing at her scornfully,he told her that the dress was sold.The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day.(第二天)...

①Jeans,hesitated,went in?

②did not like,Glancing,scornfully,sold?

walked out,angrily,punish?（第一天）

①returned,fur,handbag,umbrella,seeking?

②realizing,eager,difficulty,difficulty?

③saw,enjoyed,bring,buying?(第二天)

4.繪制思維導(dǎo)圖如下。

如圖所示，以上是本班兩位學(xué)生根據(jù)自己的背誦思路所作出的背誦思維導(dǎo)圖，僅供參考，雖然風(fēng)格不同，可大致有如下特點(diǎn)。

(1)文章內(nèi)容走向，故事發(fā)展都用了符號(hào)作為導(dǎo)向，劇情走向一目了然。

(2)運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)單的字母縮寫或者中英文標(biāo)識(shí)文章重要信息，如左圖中W代表是故事中the woman角色，而A不言而喻指代的是the assistant；右圖中fire對(duì)圖示的說明，這樣使得原文中一些文字信息得到簡(jiǎn)化，突出重要信息。

(3)兩組思維導(dǎo)圖都用到一些圖示指代重要信息，如對(duì)于jeans體現(xiàn)兩組圖都是直接畫出了牛仔褲的圖畫，“angrily”用火的標(biāo)識(shí)來體現(xiàn)，婦女第二次進(jìn)店時(shí)身上的著裝都以圖畫的形式標(biāo)識(shí)出來。特別是對(duì)于故事中the woman兩次進(jìn)店the assistant的態(tài)度由壞向好的轉(zhuǎn)變分別用了悲傷和開心兩個(gè)表情表示，栩栩如生，生動(dòng)形象，文字信息惟妙惟肖地轉(zhuǎn)化成了視覺化信息，相當(dāng)于把照片排在腦海里，在背誦過程中更加有劇情代入感。

5.按照思維導(dǎo)圖的導(dǎo)向逐漸回憶，復(fù)述或回查對(duì)照課文內(nèi)容，可以適當(dāng)增添重要信息或標(biāo)識(shí)，完善導(dǎo)圖，最終水到渠成，背誦全文。

以上就是利用思維導(dǎo)圖助力背誦的方法演示，總體來說可以概括為5個(gè)步驟。

(1)熟讀和理解課文；(2)根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容劃分層次；(3)提取重要信息；(4)繪制思維導(dǎo)圖；(5)利用導(dǎo)圖背誦全文。

以上只是利用思維導(dǎo)圖背誦課文其中一個(gè)案例，在以后的課文背誦教學(xué)過程中，教師應(yīng)該多鼓勵(lì)和指導(dǎo)學(xué)生大膽地畫思維導(dǎo)圖，學(xué)會(huì)利用導(dǎo)圖助力背誦，而不是死記硬背。思維導(dǎo)圖不在于畫得好不好，關(guān)鍵在有沒有畫。學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)并養(yǎng)成畫思維導(dǎo)圖的習(xí)慣后，可以形成自己的導(dǎo)圖風(fēng)格。

總而言之，思維導(dǎo)圖會(huì)使看似枯燥的背誦變得有趣高效。堅(jiān)持不懈地使用下去，思維導(dǎo)圖會(huì)畫得越來越好，背誦英語課文也會(huì)越來越輕松！