馬暢 劉新剛 吳小虎
摘要 農田土壤中的農藥污染是威脅農產品安全的重要因素之一。在病蟲草害的化學防治過程中,田間施用的農藥最終會進入土壤環境并在其中轉化積累,導致農田土壤環境污染。農作物能夠通過根部吸收將土壤中的農藥轉運至植物體的各個器官和組織中,造成農產品中的農藥殘留,影響農產品質量和安全。本文系統地綜述了土壤中農藥殘留進入植物體的途徑,指出了可能影響土壤中農藥進入植物體的內外因素,著重強調了其對農產品安全存在的潛在威脅,并針對農田土壤污染的治理和此類食品安全問題的防范提出了合理的建議。最后展望了未來研究應該關注的問題和方向。
關鍵詞 農田土壤; 農藥污染; 植物吸收; 食品安全
中圖分類號: S 481.8 ?文獻標識碼: A ?DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019036
Abstract The pesticide pollution in farmland soil is one of the most important factors threatening the safety of agricultural products. However, during the process of chemical control of diseases, insects and weeds, the applied pesticides might eventually enter the soil environment and accumulated in it, resulting in the pollution of farmland soil. Also, the crops can absorb pesticides from soil by the roots and translocate them to different parts, which leads to the accumulation of pesticide residues in agricultural products and quality and safety problems. This paper systematically summarized the pathways of the pesticide residues from soil to plants, pointed out the internal and external factors affecting the translocation, emphasized the potential threats of this process to the safety of agricultural products, and put forward several reasonable suggestions in view of controlling soil pollution and preventing safety accidents. At the end of this article, the problems and the future direction of research in this field were prospected.
Key words farmland soil; pesticide pollution; plant uptake; food safety
農藥作為重要的植保生產資料,是現代農業發展中防治農業病蟲草害的重要手段,其應用對于保證農作物的高產穩產具有重要貢獻。由于我國片面追求農產品產量的歷史原因,使得許多高毒農藥在土壤環境中仍有較高的背景值,且短時間內很難完全消除[1]。同時,現代農業生產方式也同樣需要農化產品的連續投入[2],這就造成土壤中農藥殘留的持續積累,影響農產品的安全。
土壤是植物獲取各種養分的源頭,生長于土壤中的植物除了從土壤中獲取水、無機鹽、有機質等營養物質,還能通過不同吸收方式(如被動擴散)吸收土壤中存在的一些有毒有害物質,如農藥和重金屬等。……