血站的輸血檢驗質量控制與輸血安全性研究

劉志勇

[摘要] 目的 血站的輸血檢驗質量控制與輸血安全性研究。方法 選取2018年1—12月在該站輸血的1 000例患者，對患者采集血液樣本后進行血液質量檢查，將其分為對照組和實驗組，比較兩組患者在輸血過程中的問題，分析輸血安全性。結果 實驗組500例中輸血傳染病有2例，占0.4%，而輸血前后消毒中存在的問題有5例為1.0%，配血中存在問題，有2例、占0.4%，整體的安全例數為491例，安全率為98.2%。在對照組500例中，存在輸血傳染病25例，占5.0%。輸血前后存在的消毒感染有24例，占4.8%。配血中存在問題有9例，占1.8%。整體的安全率為88.4%，有442例。對兩組的安全率分析，數據差異有統計學意義（P<0.05），表明經過特殊化管理的輸血檢驗和血液管理，輸血安全系數高。結論 加強輸血前血液監測質量，做好血液輸血和用血的管理，能夠更全面地提高輸血站的安全性和專業性，減少糾紛，值得在臨床中推廣運用。

[關鍵詞] 輸血;檢驗;質量控制;血液安全

[中圖分類號] R446 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1672-5654（2020）03（a）-0139-03

[Abstract] Objective To study the quality control and safety of blood transfusion testing in blood stations. Methods From January to December 2018， 1000 patients who were transfused in the station were selected. Blood samples were collected from the patients and blood quality was checked. The patients were divided into the control group and the experimental group， analysis of blood transfusion safety. Results Among the 500 cases in the experimental group， two types of transfusion infectious diseases accounted for 0.4%， and five cases of problems in disinfection before and after blood transfusion were 1.0%， and there were problems in blood distribution， two cases， accounting for 0.4%. The overall safety number was 491， and the safety rate was 98.2%. Among 500 cases in the control group， 25 cases were transfusion infectious diseases 5.0%. There were 24 cases of disinfection infection before and after blood transfusion， accounting for 4.8%. There were 9 cases of problems in blood matching， accounting for 1.8%. The overall safety rate was 88.4%， with 442 cases. For the safety rate analysis of the two groups， the data have statistical significance（P<0.05）， which shows that the blood transfusion safety coefficient was high after special management of blood transfusion testing and blood management. Conclusion Strengthening the quality of blood monitoring before blood transfusion and managing the blood transfusion and blood use can improve the safety and professionalism of blood transfusion stations in a more comprehensive manner， reduce disputes， and deserve to be promoted and applied in clinical practice.

[Key words] Blood transfusion; Examination; Quality control; Blood safety

血站是采供血機構，是指采集、儲存血液，并向臨床或血液制品生產單位供血的醫療衛生機構，分為血站、單采血漿站和血庫;血源是指向采供血機構提供血液的公民;血液是指用于臨床的全血、成分血和用于血液制品生產的原料血漿。血站分為一般血站和特殊血站。一般血站包括血液中心、中心血站和中心血庫。特殊血站包括臍帶血造血干細胞庫和衛生部根據醫學發展需要批準、設置的其他類型血庫。結合我國現代醫療技術的不斷發展，血液是各種基本疾病治療的重要元素之一。特別是對一些病危的患者及時輸血有助于患者的成活率。可見。輸血在我國各類疾病救治中有著重要的地位和作用。如何保證輸血安全的有效性以及血液檢查的精準性，對我國各醫療站十分重要。……