閆成勇 章文俊 尹建川 王平林 薛宗耀



摘要:針對船舶操縱性評價過程中存在的評價指標權重確定主觀性強和分配不統一等問題,提出一種基于主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)的船舶操縱性綜合評價方法。該方法以國際海事組織(International Maritime Organization, IMO)船舶操縱性指標為基準,根據操縱性指標的主成分貢獻率確定指標權重,客觀地算出船舶操縱性綜合評價值。通過對8艘船的操縱性試驗數據進行分析計算,得到每艘船的船舶操縱性綜合評價值。結果表明,該方法不僅在理論上科學、客觀,而且在實際應用中簡單、可靠,有助于提高船舶操縱性綜合評價的客觀性。
關鍵詞: 船舶操縱性; 主成分分析(PCA); 綜合評價
中圖分類號: U661.33 ? ?文獻標志碼: A
Comprehensive evaluation of ship maneuverability
based on principal component analysis
YAN Chengyong, ZHANG Wenjun, YIN Jianchuan, WANG Pinglin, XUE Zongyao
(Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China)
Abstract: Aiming at the problems of the stronger subjectivity of evaluation index weight determination and the inconsistence of weight distribution in the evaluation of ship maneuverability, a comprehensive evaluation method of ship maneuverability based on the principal component analysis (PCA) is proposed. The IMO ship maneuverability indexes are taken as evaluation indexes, the weights of indexes are determined according to their principal component contribution ratios, and the comprehensive evaluation value of ship maneuverability is calculated objectively. By analyzing and calculating the maneuverability experimental data of eight ships, the comprehensive evaluation value of each ship is obtained. The results show that, the method is not only scientific and objective in the theory, but also simple and reliable in the practical application. It is helpful to improve the objectivity of comprehensive evaluation of ship maneuverability.
Key words: ship maneuverability; principal component analysis (PCA); comprehensive evaluation
0 引 言
船舶航行安全一直是人們關注的重點,船舶操縱性與船舶航行安全密切相關,因此船舶操縱性評價也備受關注。國際海事組織(International Maritime Organization, IMO)第MSC.137(76)號決議[1]明確給出了關于船舶操縱性指標(旋回能力、初始旋回能力、偏航糾正和航向穩定能力和停船能力)的規定。船舶操縱性評價是一個多指標系統評價問題,過去對船舶操縱性評價多基于單項指標,只能反映船舶某一方面的操縱性能,不夠全面。目前有關操縱性評價的研究如下:文獻[2]基于層次分析法重點考慮船舶保向性和初始旋回性,對大型船舶的操縱性能進行了綜合排序;文獻[3]使用了灰關聯分析和逼近理想解法評價船舶操縱性;文獻[4]基于熵權法和模糊集對船舶操縱性進行了綜合評價;IMO《船……