王文斌 陳國蘇 徐俊東 劉達



摘要: 運用LS-DYNA對一種新型防全向錯位前面板防爬器抑制橫向滑移和垂向爬升的能力進行仿真,通過模擬2節編組列車車輛間水平初始偏轉為2°和3°的碰撞工況,分析比較傳統前面板防爬器和新型防全向錯位前面板防爬器對橫向運動的抑制能力。在此基礎上,仿真分析車輛間初始垂向偏移分別為20 和40 mm的碰撞工況,檢驗新型防爬器的垂向防爬能力。仿真結果表明,在碰撞工況下,新型防全向錯位前面板防爬器的橫向運動和垂向運動抑制能力均優于傳統面板防爬器,可在車輛設計中推廣使用。
關鍵詞: 防全向錯位; 防爬器; 碰撞; 橫向偏移; 垂向偏移
中圖分類號: TP391.92; U270.34 ? 文獻標志碼: B
Abstract: The lateral and vertical motion restraining ability of a new type of anti-climber with anti-omnidirectional displacement front panel is simulated in LS-DYNA. The collision conditions with initial deflection of horizontal 2° and 3° between 2-vehicle trains are simulated, and the lateral motion restraining ability between the traditional front panel anti-climber and the new one are analyzed and compared. On this basis, the collision conditions with initial vertical deflection of 20 mm and 40 mm are simulated and analyzed to test the vertical motion restraining ability of the new anti-climber. The simulation results show that, under the collision conditions, the lateral and vertical motion restraining ability of the new type anti-climber with anti-omnidirectional displacement front panel is better than that of the traditional one, and it can be widely used in vehicle design.
Key words: anti-omnidirectional displacement; anti-climber; collision; lateral displacement; vertical displacement
0 引 言
城市軌道交通與人們的出行息息相關,列車結構安全也日漸成為人們關注的問題。軌道交通是大容量運輸,列車質量大且速度快,一旦發生碰撞事故,后果將不堪設想。目前,大多數軌道列車都考慮防碰撞設計,通過防爬器和吸能結構吸收碰撞能量,保護車輛主體結構和乘員安全。[1-2]
傳統吸能防爬器的功能主要有2點:(1)防止碰撞發生時一列車爬上另一列車的“交疊”現象[3],或者結構很強的車體底架沖撞另一結構較弱車體的側墻或端墻結構,造成非常嚴重的損壞;(2)防爬器的吸能結構能吸收碰撞能量、降低沖擊,減少乘員損傷[4]。
列車是細長結構,車輛之間為車鉤連接,在水平面內可以有相對轉動,當列車發生碰撞后除有垂向爬升趨勢外,還極易出現縱向失穩而導致橫向擺動,使列車呈“Z”字形變形,導致原先設計的縱向吸能結構失去吸能緩沖作用,加重列車和乘員的損傷。……