劉權 胡麥秀



摘要:隨著北極冰雪加速消融,北極航道在國際貿易運輸中的關注度日益提升。文章采用理論模型進行分析,認為北極航道通過貿易替代效應與貿易互補效應對世界貿易格局產(chǎn)生影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)北極航道開通將:提升航道沿線各國間的貿易潛力,改變沿線國與非沿線國間部分貿易活動的流向;催生北極航道沿線國之間部分貿易活動的產(chǎn)生,改變北極航道沿線國之間部分貿易活動的流量。
關鍵詞:北極航道;貿易替代效應;貿易互補效應;引力模型;國際貿易
中圖分類號:P74;F114文獻標志碼:A文章編號:1005-9857(2021)11-0003-08
Analysis on Trade Substitution Effect and Trade Complementary Effect of Arctic Passage LIU Quan,HU Maixiu
(School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)
Abstract:With the melting of Arctic ice and snow, the attention of Arctic channel in international trade and transportation is increasing. The paper analyzed the Arctic channel by using the theo-retical model, and thought that the Arctic channel has an impact on the world trade pattern through the trade substitution effect and trade ccmplementary effect from two routes: shortening the shipping distance, driving the infrastructureconstruction along the line and opening up new channel. The results showed that:(1)the opening of Arctic channel will enhance the trade poten-tial of countries along the channel and change the direction of some trade activities between coun-tries along the route and countries not along theroute. (2) It will give birth to the production of some trade activities among the countries alongthe Arctic channel and change the flow of some trade activities between the countries along the Arctic channel.
Keywords:Arctic passage,Trade substitution effect,Trade complementary effect,Gravity mode, International trade
0引言
在經(jīng)濟全球化及區(qū)域一體化深入發(fā)展的背景下,各國對外貿易發(fā)展迅速。近年來全球氣候變暖導致北極海冰加速消融,經(jīng)由北極東北航道的船舶的航次數(shù)與貨運量越來越多。北極航道一般指位于俄羅斯北部離岸海域的東北航道以及穿過加拿大北極群島的西北航道,航道貫通大西洋與太平洋,是連接亞洲、歐洲、北美洲最近的海上運輸航線。據(jù)俄羅斯北方海航道管理局(NSRA)統(tǒng)計,2016—2018年,東北航道的航次數(shù)由1705次上升至2022次,累計貨物噸位由747.9萬t增至近2018萬t[1]。俄羅斯政府官員表示,2019年東北航道的貨運量比2018年增長40%以上,到2024年東北航道的貨運量將擴大到8000萬t[2]。隨著北極通航環(huán)境的不斷優(yōu)化、造船及航運技術的進步,北極航道的常態(tài)化、規(guī)?;?、商業(yè)化營運有望成為現(xiàn)實,未來其在國際運輸網(wǎng)絡體系中的地位將愈發(fā)凸顯。北極航道的開通將大大縮短亞太、歐洲、北美三大貿易中心之間的航運距離與航運時間,加強各國之間的經(jīng)貿交流與合作,影響世界貿易格局的演變?!?br>