舟山市海洋水庫建設的可行性初探

茹志明 劉海飛 丁禹

摘要：海洋水庫是指通過建設堤壩隔離海水，在海水中割出一部分區域存儲淡水的蓄水建筑物。現代海洋水庫在中國已有半個多世紀的建設歷程，上海、香港等我國沿海缺水城市和地區先后建設了一批具有代表性的海洋水庫，為城市建設發展提供支持。舟山群島位于我國東海洋面，天然良港眾多，漁業資源富饒，戰略地位突出。舟山市當前本地淡水短缺問題嚴峻，這不僅制約了當地社會經濟的發展，并由此造成環境生態系統進一步惡化的趨勢。文章首先從舟山市可用水資源總量出發，結合近幾年舟山市用水情況，預測舟山市未來缺水總量;然后結合現代海洋水庫設計理念，初步分析海洋水庫的庫容及舟山島附近的可選壩址，探討在舟山市建設海洋水庫的可行性。關鍵詞：水資源;舟山群島;海洋水庫;水庫庫容;水庫選址

中圖分類號：TV213;P75文獻標志碼：A文章編號：1005-9857（2021）11-0067-06

Preliminary Feasibility Study of Marine Reservoir Construction in Zhoushan City，China RU Zhiming，LIU Haifei，DING Yu

（School of Environment，Beijing Normal University，Beijing 100875，China）

Abstract：Marine reservoir refers to a water storage structure that stores fresh water by construc-ting dams to divide a part of the ocean area. Modern marine reservoirs have been constructed in China for more than half a century. Coastal wateer-scarce cities such as Shanghai and Hong Kong have successively built several representative marine reservoirs to support urban construction and development. Zhoushan， which is located in the lEast Sea of China and has many natural harbors and rich fishery resources，takes a prominent strategic position. The current severe shortage of fresh water in Zhoushan not only restricts thesocio-economic development， but also causes the deterioration trend of the environment and ecosystem. This paper estimated the total amount of water shortage in the future based on its available water resources and water use in recent years. Then， combined with the modern marine reservcir design concept， the storage capacity of the to-tal marine reservoir and potential reservoir sitesnear Zhoushan Island were preliminary analyzed， to explore the feasibility of marine reservoir construction in Zhoushan City.

0引言

水在生產、生活和生態中扮演著重要的角色，是城市建設發展過程中不可或缺的資源。城市利用的淡水資源大多來自河湖存儲的地表水和土壤中的地下水，其中地表水是當前的主要供水水源。無論是居民用水、農業用水還是工業用水，對供水的水量、水質均有一定限制，這對水利工程的建設提出一定要求。2013年水利部發布的《第一次全國水利普查公報》顯示，我國共有98002座水庫，總庫容8104.10億m3，它們在保障我國城市供水穩定上發揮著重要作用[1]。

傳統的河道型水庫通過在河流的狹窄處修建大壩攔截流動的河水，抬高上游水位的方式儲蓄淡水。……