龍進霞 陳佳怡 徐漢祥 徐開達 朱文斌 梁君



摘要:近海漁業的可持續發展對我國漁業經濟增長十分重要。文章在對2000—2019年近海漁業資源和水域環境現狀分析的基礎上,剖析近海漁業存在的問題,如海水養殖資源浪費嚴重、海洋捕撈過度、漁業專業人才流失和水域環境污染嚴重等問題。提出基于綠色發展理念的近海漁業從傳統產業型向業態創新型轉變、資源掠奪型向資源養護型轉變和單一生產型向產業鏈型轉變的建議,以期為我國近海漁業的可持續發展提供參考。
關鍵詞:近海漁業;可持續發展;綠色發展;水域環境
中圖分類號:F326.4;P74文獻標志碼:A文章編號:1005-9857(2021)11-0011-07
Strategic Thinking on Sustainability of Inshore Fishery Resources in China Based on the Concept of Green Development LONG Jinxial 2,CHEN Jiayil 2,XU Hanxiang '2,XU Kaidal', ZHU Wenbinl,2,LIANG Jun l,2
(1.Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute,Zhoushan 316021,China;2.Scien-tific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources for Key Fishing Grounds,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China/KeyLaboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Re-search for Fishery Resource of Zhejiang Province,Zhoushan 316021,China)
Abstract:Sustainability in development of inshore fisheries were critical to the growth of fishery economy in China. By analyzing the current status of inshore fishery resources and the related en-vironments from 2000 to 2019, it was found that the inshore fisheries in China were facing serious problems,including severe waste in mariculture, overfishing, professional labor loss and water environment pollution. The study proposed that the inshore fishery should base on the con-cept of green development, and focus on the transformations of inshore fishery from traditional industry to innovative type, from resource expl itation to resource reservation, and from single in expectation of providing reference for the sustainable development of inshore fisheries in China.
Keywords:Inshore fishery, Sustainable development,Green development, Water environment
0引言
我國是海洋大國,擁有300萬km2余的主張管轄海域,面積大于500m2的海島6900余個,其中無居民海島6500余個,大陸岸線長達18000km[1]。我國海洋生物資源豐富,以海洋生物為主體的海洋生態系統是人類重要的食物蛋白來源,也是漁業發展的物質基礎,在很大程度上緩解了我國人民的糧食安全和營養水平不足的問題[2]。近海漁業是我國應對饑荒與解決貧困問題的重要支撐產業,也是建設生態文明和保護海洋權益的重要組成部分[3]。然而,近年來,由于近海水域環境破壞嚴重、生產方式粗放、漁業資源衰退等多種因素的影響,導致水產養殖問題日益嚴峻,水產品質量安全狀況愈顯惡劣[4]。尤其是新冠疫情以來,對于水產品來源和質量安全問題提出了更為嚴峻的挑戰。
為了實現近海漁業資源的可持續發展,黨的十九大提出了綠色發展戰略,重申“兩個一百年”的發展目標,這一目標既為現代漁業的發展設定了方向,同時也為轉變漁業發展方式和加快綠色漁業建設奠定了基礎[5-6]。……