我國漁業治理體系和治理能力現代化研究

蔡詩巍 裴兆斌 郭昕黎

摘要：在國家治理體系和治理能力現代化的背景下，漁業發展更應注重捕撈、養殖、加工制造及銷售等環節的規范化、制度化、程序化，進而加速漁業治理體系和治理能力進程。但是漁業治理體系趨于現代化的進程中存在水產養殖業、捕撈業忽視可持續發展等問題，在漁業執法過程中也存在程序瑕疵。文章針對上述問題，提出水產養殖應當合理運用生態養殖技術，相關部門嚴厲規制捕撈行為以促進漁業可持續發展。建立完備的漁業監管體系以促使漁業執法過程更加科學化、合理化，維護漁民合法權益，有利于我國漁業長期穩定發展。

關鍵詞：水產養殖業;捕撈業;現代化;監管

中圖分類號：DF3;P74文獻標志碼：A文章編號：1005-9857（2021）11-0062-05

Research on Fishery Governance System and Governance Capability Modernization CAI Shiwei，PEI Zhaobin，GUO Xinli

（School of Maine law and humanities，Dalian ocean university，Dalian 116023，China）

Abstract： Under the background of“national governance system and governance capacity modern-ization”， fishery development should pay more attention to the standardization and institutionali-zation of fishing，breeding，processing，manufacturing and sales， and procedures to accelerate the process of fishery governance system and governance capacity. However， in the process of fisheries governance system modernization， there are problems such as aquaculture and fishing industry neglecting sustainable development， and there are also procedural flaws in the process of fishery law enforcement. This paper addressed the above issues， and proposed that aquaculture should reasonably use ecological aquaculture technology， and relevant departments severely crack down on illegal fishing practices to promote sustainable fishery development. It was proposed that establishing a complete fishery supervision system to promote a more scientific and rational fish-ery law enforcement process and safeguard the lgitimate rights and interests of fishermen would be conducive to the long-term and stable development of China's fisheries.

Keywords：Aquaculture，Fishing industry，Modernization，Supervision，Sustainable development

0引言

推進漁業治理體系和治理能力現代化對我國國民經濟發展具有重要作用。2019年《中華人民共和國漁業法修訂草案》（以下簡稱《漁業法修訂草案》）詳細規定涉及生產許可證、進出口管理等水產種質資源、養殖業、捕撈業相關問題，更加注重漁業資源增殖與保護，并且新增了監督管理一章，使得漁業治理體系更為科學、規范。然而，漁業監管過程中執法人員執法程序存在明顯不合理，并且水產養殖業、捕撈業沒有注重綠色、協調可持續發展，這些問題嚴重阻礙了漁業治理體系和治理能力現代化進程。筆者通過研究實踐中阻礙漁業治理體系現代化進程的因素，提出注重養殖業、捕撈業可持續發展，完備漁業監管體系的對策建議。……