2020 年秋季渤海的健康狀況與海域開發利用建議

王啟棟 宋金明 袁華茂

摘要：為獲取渤海最新的健康狀況，文章基于新構建的以海洋生態環境自身狀態為內核、以人類社會經濟學指標為外核的“雙核”評價體系，對渤海2020年秋季的海洋健康狀況進行綜合評價。內核評價結果顯示，2020年秋季渤海的水體環境和沉積環境整體較為健康，僅中心區域水質略差，而海洋生物群落的健康狀況一般，整個研究區域僅58.9%的區域評級為“優”，因此該海域總的內核評級為“良”;以分別代表海洋第一、二、三產業的海洋漁業、海洋油氣業和海洋交通運輸業作為外核指標的評價結果顯示，渤海的外核得分為0.95。因此，所調查的渤海中西部海域海洋生態環境健康狀況的“雙核”評價結果為“良+0.95”，表明該區域的海洋生態環境目前整體上處于較健康的狀態，但人類對渤海海洋資源環境的開發力度接近飽和，且局部海區的生態環境健康狀況已經出現了惡化，需要對該海區進行密切監測。建議通過優化產業結構和提升開發技術等方式，盡可能降低經濟開發活動對海洋生態環境的影響，以實現渤海海洋資源環境的可持續利用。

關鍵詞：海洋健康評價;“雙核”框架體系;渤海;2020年秋季

中圖分類號：P74文獻標志碼：A文章編號：1005-9857（2021）11-0113-08

Health Assessment in Autumn 2020 and Suggestions on the Development and Utilization of the Bohai Sea

WANG Qidong-2 34，SONG Jinmingl 234，YUAN Huamaolas4

（1.CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environlment Sciences，Institute of Oceanology，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Qingdao 266071，China;2.Marine Ecology ard Environment Sciences Laboratory，Pilot National Labo-ratory for Marine Science and Technology（Qingdao），Qingdao 266237，China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China;4.Center for Ocean NMega-sciences，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Qingdao 266071，China）

Abstract：In order to obtain the latest health status of Bohai Sea， the marine environmental health status of Bohai Sea was comprehensively assessed based on the newly constructed "dual-core" as-sessment framework， which took the state of marine ecosystem as the inner-core and human so-cio-economic indicators as the outer-core， and the latest survey data in autumn 2020. The results of inner-core assessment showed that the water environment and sedimentary environment of Bo-hai Sea in autumn 2020 were generally healthy， alnd only the water quality in the central area was slightly poor， while the health status of marine loiological community was fair. Only 58.9% of the whole study area was rated as“excellent”，so thee overall inner-core rating of the study area was "good". Marine fishery， marine oil and gas indusstry and marine transportation industry， which represent marine primary，secondary and tertiary industries respectively， were taken as outer-core indicators. The assessment results showedthat the score of outer-core for Bohai Sea was 0.95.Therefore，the“dual-core”assessment reesult of the marine ecological environment health status of Bohai Sea was“good + 0.95”， which inndicated that the marine ecological environment of the region was in a relatively healthy state on the whole， but the human development of marine environmental resources was near saturation， ard the ecological environment health status of some sea areas had been deteriorated. In order to realize the sustainable utilization of marine re-sources and environment， this area should be closely monitored and relevant measures should also be taken to reduce the impact of marine econonic development activities on the ecological envi-ronment.

Keywords：Assessment of marine health，The "dual-core"framework，Bohai sea，Autumn 2020

0引言

渤海作為我國唯一內海，受到人類活動的強烈干擾，陸上污染物的大量輸入、海洋油氣資源開發、圍填海工程以及鹵水及鹽業快速發展等使渤海生態環境遭受重創。近年來，隨著綠水青山生態中國、美麗中國國家戰略的實施，渤海碧海行動計劃、渤海綜合治理攻堅戰行動計劃等極大地改善和提升了渤海生態環境質量，但渤海的生態環境狀況仍需高度關注。……