張姝麗 錢麗華 陳璐 孫婧 盧丹 孔祥



[摘? ?要]? ?目的:研究妊娠期肝內(nèi)膽汁淤積癥(intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy,ICP)孕婦血清及胎盤(pán)中白介素-8(IL-8)、白介素-31(IL-31)表達(dá)水平及其臨床意義。方法:選擇妊娠期肝內(nèi)膽汁淤積癥孕婦22例作為ICP組,健康孕婦20例作為對(duì)照組,采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法檢測(cè)血清中IL-8、IL-31水平,免疫組織化學(xué)法檢測(cè)胎盤(pán)組織中IL-8、IL-31的表達(dá)。結(jié)果:ICP組血清中IL-8和IL-31水平分別為1 404.81±278.53 pg/mL和619.75±20.13 pg/mL,顯著高于對(duì)照組的648.68±91.44 pg/mL和515.21±10.66 pg/mL,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。ICP組胎盤(pán)組織中IL-8、IL-31表達(dá)強(qiáng)度明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:ICP組患者血清和胎盤(pán)組織中IL-8和IL-31表達(dá)明顯升高,提示炎癥參與ICP的發(fā)生,IL-31可能與ICP瘙癢癥狀的發(fā)生有關(guān)。
[關(guān)鍵詞]? ?妊娠期肝內(nèi)膽汁淤積癥;血清;胎盤(pán);白介素-8;白介素-31
[中圖分類號(hào)]? ?R714.25 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]? ?A [DOI]? ?10.19767/j.cnki.32-1412.2023.04.002
IL-8 and IL-31 levels in serum and placenta of pregnant women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and their clinical significance
ZHANG Shuli1, QIAN Lihua2, CHEN Lu2, SUN Jing2, LU Dan2, KONG Xiang2
(1Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225001; 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Shcool of Medicine, Yangzhou University)
[Abstract]? ?Objective: To investigate the expression levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and IL-31 in serum and placenta of pregnant women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and their clinical significance. Methods: A total of 22 pregnant women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy were selected as ICP group. Another 20 healthy pregnant women were selected as the control group. The serum level of IL-8 and IL-31 was detected by enzymed-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression of IL-8 and IL-31 in the placenta tissues of each group was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: The serum levels of IL-8 and IL-31 in ICP group were 1 404.81±278.53 pg/mL and 619.75±20.13 pg/mL, which were significantly higher than those of 648.68±91.44 pg/mL and 515.21±10.66 pg/mL in the control group (P<0.05). The expressions of IL-8 and IL-31 in the placenta tissue in ICP group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The expressions of IL-8 and IL-31 in serum and placenta tissue in ICP patients significantly increased, implying that inflammation was involved in the occurrence of ICP. IL-31 may be associated with itchiness symptoms of ICP.
[Key words]? ?intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy; serum; placenta; IL-8; IL-31
妊娠期肝內(nèi)膽汁淤積癥(intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy,ICP)主要出現(xiàn)在妊娠30周后,表現(xiàn)為血清中總膽汁酸(total bile acid,TBA)和(或)轉(zhuǎn)氨酶濃度升高以及皮膚瘙癢,分娩后能自行緩解[1]。ICP病因復(fù)雜,可能與遺傳易感女性的生殖激素的膽汁淤積有關(guān)[2]。近年來(lái)有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),某些細(xì)胞因子可能參與ICP的發(fā)生[3]。白介素-8(IL-8)是一種促炎細(xì)胞因子,在肝臟疾病發(fā)生中具有一定作用[4-5]。白介素-31(IL-31)是IL-6家族成員,在慢性炎癥的誘導(dǎo)中發(fā)揮重要作用[6]。IL-31主要由活化Th2細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生[7],與IL-31受體A(IL-31 RA)及抑癌素M受體(OSMR)組成的異二聚體相互作用,這些受體在感覺(jué)神經(jīng)元的背根神經(jīng)節(jié)、脊髓、真皮的初級(jí)傳入纖維中高表達(dá),參與瘙癢感覺(jué)的發(fā)生[8]。本研究選擇2021年5月—2022年2月于揚(yáng)州大學(xué)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院就診的ICP孕婦22例,分析ICP孕婦血清及胎盤(pán)中IL-8、IL-31表達(dá)水平變化及其臨床意義。
1? ?資料與方法
1.1? ?一般資料? ?ICP孕婦22例(ICP組),均符合中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)婦產(chǎn)科學(xué)分會(huì)2015年發(fā)布的《妊娠期肝內(nèi)膽汁淤積癥診療指南(2015)》相關(guān)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[9],年齡24~34歲,平均27.95±2.19歲;孕周32~37周,初產(chǎn)婦12例,經(jīng)產(chǎn)婦10例;體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(body mass index,BMI)25.72±3.30 kg/m2,白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)(9.03±2.27)×109/L,新生兒體重3.17±0.64 kg。另選擇同期于本院進(jìn)行常規(guī)產(chǎn)檢的健康孕婦20例作為對(duì)照組,年齡21~34歲,平均27.1±3.89歲;孕周32~37周,初產(chǎn)婦11例,經(jīng)產(chǎn)婦9例;BMI 26.29±2.21 kg/m2,白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)(9.12±2.69)×109/L,新生兒體重3.42±0.33 kg。兩組一般資料比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)胎位異常、多胎妊娠、頭盆不稱、免疫系統(tǒng)疾病、肝膽疾病;(2)合并妊娠期高血壓、心臟病及糖尿病等;(3)既往有復(fù)發(fā)性自然流產(chǎn)、死胎、畸胎等不良孕產(chǎn)史;(4)有長(zhǎng)期服用藥物及吸煙史。本研究經(jīng)過(guò)醫(yī)院倫理審查委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),獲得所有參與者知情同意。
1.2? ?檢測(cè)方法
1.2.1? ?血清中IL-8、IL-31水平:采集孕婦晨間空腹外周靜脈血5 mL,室溫靜置30 min,凝固后離心取上清,-80 ℃保存?zhèn)錅y(cè)。采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(ELISA)測(cè)定血清中IL-8、IL-31水平,嚴(yán)格按照試劑盒(上海恒遠(yuǎn)生物科技有限公司)說(shuō)明書(shū)進(jìn)行操作。
1.2.2? ?胎盤(pán)組織中IL-8、IL-31表達(dá):采用免疫組織化學(xué)法(immunohistochemical method,IHC)檢測(cè)胎盤(pán)組織中IL-8、IL-31表達(dá)。胎盤(pán)娩出后10 min內(nèi),避開(kāi)胎盤(pán)鈣化灶、梗死區(qū),取胎盤(pán)母體面約1 cm×1 cm×1 cm大小組織2塊,用磷酸鹽緩沖液(phosphate buffered saline,PBS)漂洗后放入10%甲醛中固定。酒精梯度脫水、二甲苯透明后常規(guī)石蠟包埋,切成5 μm厚薄片。石蠟包埋標(biāo)本免疫標(biāo)記IL-8,IL-31。操作嚴(yán)格按照免疫組化法試劑盒程序進(jìn)行,使用兔抗IL-8抗體試劑盒(Proteintech公司)和兔抗IL-31抗體試劑盒(Origene公司),陽(yáng)性對(duì)照取已知陽(yáng)性片,陰性對(duì)照用PBS代替一抗,二氨基聯(lián)苯胺染色。
免疫組化結(jié)果判定:由兩名不知情的研究人員在光學(xué)顯微鏡下觀察石蠟切片染色情況并進(jìn)行評(píng)分。染色強(qiáng)度:無(wú)染色計(jì)0分,同時(shí)存在陰性和微量陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞計(jì)1分,陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞中等染色計(jì)2分,陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞強(qiáng)染色計(jì)3分。陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞<5%計(jì)0分,陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞5%~30%計(jì)1分,陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞31%~60%計(jì)2分,陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞>60%計(jì)3分。兩項(xiàng)評(píng)分相乘為最終評(píng)分,最終評(píng)分0分為陰性(-),1~2分為弱陽(yáng)性(+),3~4分為陽(yáng)性(++),6~9分為強(qiáng)陽(yáng)性(+++)。
1.3? ?統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理? ?應(yīng)用SPSS 26.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料以頻數(shù)和率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn);正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以±s表示,組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn);IL-8、IL-31表達(dá)強(qiáng)度的比較采用Kruskal-Wallis H秩和檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2? ?結(jié)? ? ? 果
2.1? ?兩組孕婦血清中IL-8、IL-31水平比較? ?ICP組患者血清中IL-8和IL-31水平分別為1 404.81±278.53 pg/mL和619.75±20.13 pg/mL,顯著高于對(duì)照組的648.68±91.44 pg/mL和515.21±10.66 pg/mL,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
2.2? ?兩組產(chǎn)婦胎盤(pán)組織中IL-8、IL-31表達(dá)強(qiáng)度比較? ?ICP組胎盤(pán)組織中IL-8表達(dá)強(qiáng)度高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)圖1(A-C)、表1。ICP組胎盤(pán)組織中IL-31表達(dá)強(qiáng)度高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)圖1(D-F)、表2。
3? ?討? ? ? 論
ICP是一種妊娠特異性肝病,遺傳、激素、環(huán)境和飲食因素與其發(fā)病機(jī)制有關(guān)[10]。近年來(lái)開(kāi)始關(guān)注ICP孕婦炎癥反應(yīng)的研究,強(qiáng)調(diào)炎癥在ICP發(fā)生中的作用[11-13]。大量研究表明,ICP患者血清中炎癥細(xì)胞因子發(fā)生改變,促炎1型細(xì)胞因子的產(chǎn)生增加,而抗炎2型細(xì)胞因子的產(chǎn)生減少[14-18]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,與對(duì)照組比較,ICP組孕產(chǎn)婦血清及胎盤(pán)組織中IL-8、IL-31水平顯著升高。提示IL-8和IL-31可能是輔助診斷ICP的潛在標(biāo)志物,同時(shí)需要進(jìn)一步研究ICP發(fā)病前幾周內(nèi)這兩種炎癥因子水平的變化,為預(yù)測(cè)ICP的發(fā)生提供線索,從而盡早采取干預(yù)措施。
IL-8由單核細(xì)胞、上皮細(xì)胞、表皮細(xì)胞、成纖維細(xì)胞和T淋巴細(xì)胞受IL-1、腫瘤壞死因子和外源性細(xì)菌多糖刺激產(chǎn)生,它不僅是促炎細(xì)胞因子,還是中性粒細(xì)胞趨化激活因子,介導(dǎo)多形核白細(xì)胞遷移到炎癥或損傷部位[19]。IL-8與許多炎癥疾病有關(guān),促進(jìn)炎癥發(fā)生和誘導(dǎo)免疫反應(yīng)[20]。有研究報(bào)告潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者中IL-8水平顯著升高,認(rèn)為T(mén)NF-α、IL-1和IL-6引起的炎癥反應(yīng)主要由IL-8所代表的趨化因子介導(dǎo)[20-21]。本研究中ICP孕產(chǎn)婦血清及胎盤(pán)組織中IL-8表達(dá)水平明顯高于對(duì)照組,提示炎癥參與該疾病的發(fā)生。ZHANG等[22]研究表明,膽汁酸通過(guò)受體1激活磷酸肌醇3-激酶/核因子-κB通路引起胎盤(pán)炎癥,ICP患者IL-2、IL-4、IL-8、IL-10、TNF-α和干擾素-γ基因表達(dá)顯著上調(diào)。
瘙癢是ICP的典型癥狀,嚴(yán)重影響孕婦的生活質(zhì)量。角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞、肥大細(xì)胞、嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞、T細(xì)胞和瘙癢特異性神經(jīng)元等都可以誘導(dǎo)、加重或抑制瘙癢癥狀[23]。研究表明,IL-31可能在瘙癢性炎癥性皮膚病的發(fā)生中發(fā)揮作用。小鼠IL-31過(guò)度表達(dá)可導(dǎo)致皮炎和瘙癢,這類似于人類的特應(yīng)性皮炎[24]。研究顯示,重復(fù)應(yīng)用IL-31后,小鼠背根神經(jīng)節(jié)中IL-31受體(IL-31 RA)和oncostatin M受體β(OSMRβ)表達(dá)增加,提示IL-31可能上調(diào)背根神經(jīng)節(jié)中IL-31受體的表達(dá),增強(qiáng)皮膚注射IL-31引起的瘙癢感覺(jué)[25],推測(cè)IL-31可能激活介導(dǎo)瘙癢的神經(jīng)纖維。本研究結(jié)果顯示,ICP組血清及胎盤(pán)組織中IL-31水平顯著高于對(duì)照組,提示IL-31可能作為瘙癢的中介物參與ICP的發(fā)生。
綜上所述,ICP孕產(chǎn)婦血清及胎盤(pán)組織中IL-8和IL-31表達(dá)水平明顯升高,提示炎癥參與ICP的發(fā)生,IL-31可能與ICP瘙癢癥狀的發(fā)生有關(guān),檢測(cè)血清IL-8、IL-31水平對(duì)ICP具有一定的輔助診斷價(jià)值。
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[收稿日期] 2023-02-05
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