





[摘要] 目的: 探討系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)患者三酰甘油葡萄糖(triglyceride glucose,TyG)指數(shù)與高尿酸血癥(hyperuricemia,HUA)患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的相關(guān)性。方法: 回顧性選取南京鼓樓醫(yī)院初次就診的557例SLE住院患者納入本次橫斷面研究,依據(jù)是否合并有HUA,將其分為HUA組與單純SLE組,對(duì)兩組之間的臨床數(shù)據(jù)、實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo)和藥物使用進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。使用Logistic回歸、限制性立方樣條、亞組分析來(lái)研究TyG指數(shù)與SLE患者并發(fā)HUA的關(guān)系。同時(shí),利用受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線下的面積比較不同的胰島素抵抗(insulinresistance,IR)代謝指數(shù)在預(yù)測(cè)SLE患者HUA患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)方面的價(jià)值。結(jié)果: HUA組患者體重指數(shù)、收縮壓、舒張壓、TyG指數(shù)、24小時(shí)尿蛋白、肌酐、合并高脂血癥比例和他克莫司藥物的使用率均明顯高于SLE組。Logistic回歸分析顯示,控制相關(guān)混雜因素后,按TyG指數(shù)三分位數(shù)分組的T3組(≥8.82)患HUA的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)約是T1組(lt;8.31)的2.900倍(95%CI:1.565~5.371,Plt;0.05)。TyG指數(shù)與SLE患者合并HUA風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間存在線性劑量反應(yīng)關(guān)系(P總趨勢(shì)lt;0.05,P非線性gt;0.05)。亞組分析進(jìn)一步提示TyG指數(shù)和HUA的相關(guān)性存在性別和年齡差異。ROC曲線分析顯示,TyG指數(shù)、TG/HDL-C比值、胰島素抵抗的代謝評(píng)分(metric-metabolic score for insulin resistanc,METS-IR)及三酰甘油葡萄糖體重指數(shù)(triglyceride glucose-body mass,TyG-BMI)預(yù)測(cè)SLE患者發(fā)生HUA的ROC曲線下面積分別為0.651、0.656、0.629、0.612。TyG指數(shù)和TG/HDL-C比值對(duì)SLE患者發(fā)生HUA預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值較高。結(jié)論: TyG指數(shù)升高與SLE患者HUA患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)升高相關(guān)。作為低成本、常規(guī)可用的指標(biāo),TyG指數(shù)有助于預(yù)測(cè)SLE患者發(fā)生HUA的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 三酰甘油葡萄糖指數(shù);胰島素抵抗;高尿酸血癥;系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R593.241
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼] A
[文章編號(hào)] 1671-7783(2024)03-0190-07
DOI: 10.13312/j.issn.1671-7783.y240014
[引用格式]陶良穎,樹(shù)瑞露,吳鈺婷,等. 三酰甘油葡萄糖指數(shù)與系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡患者并發(fā)高尿酸血癥的關(guān)聯(lián)性研究[J]. 江蘇大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版), 2024, 34(3): 190-196.
Correlation between triglyceride-glucose index and hyperuricemia in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
TAO Liangying1, SHU Ruilu2, WU Yuting1, WEN Lihui3, ZHANG Huayong1,3
(1. Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210008; 2. Department of Health Management Centre, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210008; 3. Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210008, China)
[Abstract] Objective: To explore the correlation between triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and hyperuricemia (HUA) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 557 hospitalized SLE patients who were initially treated at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. Based on the presence or absence of hyperuricemia,they were divided into the HUA group and the SLE group, and a comparative analysis was performed on clinical data, laboratory indicators, and medication usage between the two groups. Logistic regression, restricted cubic spline, and subgroup analysis were used to evaluate the association between TyG index and hyperuricemia. Additionally, the values of various insulin resistance (IR) metabolic indices in predicting the risk of hyperuricemia in SLE patients were also compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results: In the HUA group, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, TyG index, 24-hour urine protein, creatinine, the prevalence of combined hyperlipidemia, and the use of tacrolimus were significantly higher compared to the SLE group. After controlling for confounding factors, binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk of developing hyperuricemia in the T3 (≥8.82) group, based on TyG index tertile grouping, was 2.900 times higher than that in the T1 (lt;8.31) group (95%CI: 1.565-5.371, Plt;0.05). There was a positive linear correlation between TyG index and the risk of hyperuricemia in SLE patients (P for trendlt;0.05, P for nonlinearitygt;0.05). Subgroup analysis further suggested gender and age differences in the association between TyG index and hyperuricemia. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for predicting the occurrence of hyperuricemia in SLE patients using TyG index,TG/HDL-C ratio, METS-IR, and TyG-BMI were 0.651, 0.656, 0.629, and 0.612, respectively. TyG index and TG/HDL-C had higher predictive values for SLE patients with hyperuricemia. Conclusion: Elevated TyG index is associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia in SLE patients. As a low-cost and readily available indicator, TyG index may be used to predict the risk of hyperuricemia in patients with SLE.
[Key words] triglyceride glucose index; insulin resistance; hyperuricemia; systemic lupus erythematosus
系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)患者通常伴隨著多種代謝異常,包括高血壓、高血脂和糖代謝紊亂等[1]。尿酸是嘌呤降解的代謝終產(chǎn)物,尿酸晶體是痛風(fēng)和腎結(jié)石的發(fā)病機(jī)制。除痛風(fēng)和腎臟疾病外,高尿酸血癥(hyperuricemia,HUA)還與多種代謝性疾病和心血管疾病密切相關(guān)[2],給全球醫(yī)療帶來(lái)巨大負(fù)擔(dān)。據(jù)報(bào)道血清尿酸水平是SLE患者并發(fā)心血管、神經(jīng)和腎臟等疾病的預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo)[3-5]。胰島素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)是與HUA密切相關(guān)的病理生理過(guò)程,高胰島素血癥導(dǎo)致HUA,降低胰島素抵抗可以降低HUA和痛風(fēng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[6-7]。三酰甘油葡萄糖(triglyceride glucose,TyG)指數(shù)是空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,F(xiàn)PG)和三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)的組合,可作為簡(jiǎn)單、經(jīng)濟(jì)、可靠的胰島素抵抗替代指標(biāo)[8]。目前,越來(lái)越多的臨床研究發(fā)現(xiàn),TyG指數(shù)與高血壓人群、糖尿病人群、一般人群中HUA之間存在聯(lián)系[9-11]。然而,目前TyG指數(shù)與HUA的關(guān)系在SLE患者人群中尚未見(jiàn)報(bào)道。因此,本研究旨在探討SLE人群中TyG指數(shù)與HUA之間的相關(guān)性,評(píng)估TyG對(duì)優(yōu)化SLE人群HUA風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分層和預(yù)測(cè)的價(jià)值。
1 對(duì)象與方法
1.1 研究對(duì)象
本研究選取2014年7月至2023年2月就診于南京鼓樓醫(yī)院的住院SLE患者557例,根據(jù)血尿酸水平將其分為HUA組和SLE組。SLE的診斷根據(jù)美國(guó)風(fēng)濕病學(xué)會(huì)委員會(huì)制定的SLE診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[12]。排除高血壓、糖尿病、除干燥綜合征外的其他自身免疫性疾病、感染、腎功能不全[估算腎小球?yàn)V過(guò)率(eGFR)lt;60 mL/(min·1.73 m2)]、自我報(bào)告服用降尿酸藥物、資料缺失的患者。本研究獲得南京鼓樓醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)的批準(zhǔn)。
1.2 數(shù)據(jù)收集和相關(guān)的定義
患者人口統(tǒng)計(jì)信息、實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo)、藥物治療情況通過(guò)醫(yī)渡云電子病歷系統(tǒng)建立的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)獲取。收集數(shù)據(jù)包括年齡,性別,體重指數(shù)(BMI),收縮壓,舒張壓,TG,高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C),低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C),總膽固醇(TC),F(xiàn)PG,24小時(shí)尿蛋白(24U-TP),肌酐,尿酸,谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT),谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)及糖皮質(zhì)激素、環(huán)磷酰胺、他克莫司、硫唑嘌呤、硫酸羥氯喹、環(huán)孢素、嗎替麥考酚酯用藥史。
HUA定義為以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn):非同日兩次空腹測(cè)量,尿酸gt;420 μmol/L(男性)或尿酸gt;360 μmol/L(女性)[13]。IR替代指標(biāo)包括TyG指數(shù)、三酰甘油葡萄糖體重指數(shù)(triglyceride glucose-body mass,TyG-BMI)、TG/HDL-C和胰島素抵抗的代謝評(píng)分(metric-metabolic score for insulin resistanc,METS-IR),計(jì)算公式:TyG=ln[(TG(mg/dL)×FPG(mg/dL)/2)],TG/HDL-C比值=TG(mg/dL)/HDL-C(mg/dL),TyG-BMI=ln[(TG(mg/dL)×FPG(mg/dL)/2]×BMI,METS-IR=ln[2×FPG(mg/dL)+TG(mg/dL)]×BMI/ln[HDL-C(mg/dL)][14]。高脂血癥定義為T(mén)Cgt;5.2 mmol/L,LDL-Cgt;3.1 mmol/L,TG≥1.7 mmol/L,HDL-Clt;1.04 mmol/L[15]。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析
應(yīng)用SPSS 27.0和R 4.2.3軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。正態(tài)分布的連續(xù)變量以均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)。若數(shù)據(jù)不滿足正態(tài)分布,連續(xù)變量以M(P25,P75)表示,兩組間比較采用Mann-Whitney U檢驗(yàn)。計(jì)數(shù)資料以百分比(%)表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。通過(guò)Logistic回歸分析、限制性立方樣條及亞組分析方法進(jìn)一步研究相關(guān)性,并通過(guò)ROC曲線比較不同IR代謝指數(shù)對(duì)SLE患者并發(fā)HUA的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)測(cè)能力。Plt;0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組間一般資料及臨床指標(biāo)的比較
在調(diào)查的557例SLE患者中,發(fā)生HUA患者年齡明顯小于單純SLE患者(Plt;0.05)。兩組女性占比接近90%,組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Pgt;0.05)。與SLE組相比,HUA組患者的BMI、收縮壓、舒張壓、24U-TP、TyG指數(shù)、TG、LDL-C、TC、尿酸、肌酐、合并高脂血癥的比例、他克莫司使用比例均高于SLE組,而eGFR、HDL-C、硫酸羥氯喹使用比例則低于SLE組(均Plt;0.05);兩組間ALT,AST,F(xiàn)PG及糖皮質(zhì)激素、環(huán)磷酰胺、硫唑嘌呤、環(huán)孢素、嗎替麥考酚酯藥物使用比例差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Pgt;0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 TyG指數(shù)對(duì)SLE患者發(fā)生HUA的影響
以HUA合并與否作為因變量,以TyG指數(shù)等與HUA相關(guān)的指標(biāo)為自變量,進(jìn)行二分類(lèi)logistic回歸分析。調(diào)整年齡、BMI、收縮壓、舒張壓、24U-TP、肌酐、高脂血癥病史、他克莫司及硫酸羥氯喹用藥史后,TyG指數(shù)每增加一個(gè)單位,HUA風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加約80.9%。根據(jù)TyG三分位數(shù)進(jìn)行分層,校正了年齡、BMI和血壓等變量(模型B)后,TyG指數(shù)三分位數(shù)分組T3組患HUA風(fēng)險(xiǎn)約為T(mén)1組的3.279倍(95%CI:2.033~5.290,Plt;0.01)。進(jìn)一步校正實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo)(24U-TP、肌酐)、高脂血癥病史、他克莫司及硫酸羥氯喹用藥史等因素(模型C)后,T3組患HUA風(fēng)險(xiǎn)約為T(mén)1組的2.900倍(95%CI:1.565~5.371,Plt;0.01),見(jiàn)表2。應(yīng)用限制性立方樣條分析TyG指數(shù)與HUA患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間的劑量反應(yīng)關(guān)系,調(diào)整相關(guān)混雜因素之后,TyG指數(shù)與患HUA風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間存在線性劑量反應(yīng)關(guān)系(P總趨勢(shì)lt;0.05,P非線性gt;0.05),見(jiàn)圖1。
2.3 TyG指數(shù)與HUA風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的亞組分析
森林圖(圖2)顯示,在控制協(xié)變量后,以年齡lt;50歲、女性、合并高脂血癥、有硫酸羥氯喹、無(wú)他克莫司用藥史、BMIlt;24 kg/m2分層的亞組中TyG指數(shù)與HUA顯著相關(guān)(Plt;0.01)。而以性別和年齡分層的亞組間交互作用Plt;0.05,提示相關(guān)性存在性別和年齡差異。
2.4 胰島素抵抗相關(guān)指標(biāo)對(duì)SLE患者發(fā)生HUA的ROC曲線
ROC曲線評(píng)估TyG-BMI、METS-IR、TG/HDL-C、TyG指數(shù)在識(shí)別SLE患者發(fā)生HUA風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值,結(jié)果顯示,TyG指數(shù)、TG/HDL-C、METS-IR及TyG-BMI預(yù)測(cè)SLE患者發(fā)生HUA的ROC曲線下面積分別為0.651、0.656、0.629、0.612。TyG指數(shù)和TG/HDL-C對(duì)SLE患者發(fā)生HUA預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值較高,其中TyG指數(shù)預(yù)測(cè)SLE患者發(fā)生HUA的ROC曲線下面積為0.651,最佳截?cái)嘀禐?.735,其敏感性為56.40%,特異性為68.10%,見(jiàn)圖3和表3。
3 討論
本研究結(jié)果表明,合并HUA的SLE患者TyG指數(shù)水平明顯高于單純SLE患者,進(jìn)一步logistic回歸分析顯示,TyG指數(shù)與HUA呈線性正相關(guān)關(guān)系,同時(shí)在年齡lt;50歲和女性患者中顯著相關(guān)。本研究結(jié)果為SLE患者TyG指數(shù)與HUA的獨(dú)立正相關(guān)提供了新的證據(jù),為今后臨床工作中評(píng)估SLE患者的IR狀態(tài)提供了更簡(jiǎn)單方便的指標(biāo)。
在SLE患者中,關(guān)于TyG指數(shù)與HUA之間關(guān)系的研究相對(duì)較少。IR是指靶組織(如肝臟、肌肉和脂肪組織)對(duì)胰島素刺激的生理反應(yīng)受損[16]。根據(jù)既往研究,IR通過(guò)誘導(dǎo)葡萄糖和脂質(zhì)代謝失衡,產(chǎn)生氧化應(yīng)激和炎癥反應(yīng)進(jìn)而引起尿酸代謝紊亂,與不同人群的HUA相關(guān)[9-11]。穩(wěn)態(tài)模型評(píng)估(homeostasis model assessment,HOMA)為評(píng)估IR相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單和可靠的方法[17]。然而,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),TyG指數(shù)是非常易于獲得的指標(biāo),在評(píng)估IR方面優(yōu)于HOMA[18-19]。Han等[14]進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)基于5 269名人群的全國(guó)性隊(duì)列研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)TyG指數(shù)基線值的增加與HUA風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的增加顯著相關(guān),經(jīng)過(guò)4年的隨訪,517名(9.81%)受試者發(fā)生了HUA。本研究結(jié)果顯示TyG和TG/HDL-C鑒別SLE患者發(fā)生HUA的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值高于TyG-BMI和METS-IR。可能原因是METS-IR和TyG-BMI的計(jì)算公式中增加了BMI,而B(niǎo)MI區(qū)分肌肉和脂肪的能力很弱,尤其是在亞洲人群中[20]。因此,早期識(shí)別HUA患者的TyG指數(shù)可能對(duì)HUA的管理和預(yù)防其IR驅(qū)動(dòng)的合并癥具有重要的臨床意義。
TyG指數(shù)與HUA之間關(guān)系的機(jī)制尚未完全清楚。高尿酸水平調(diào)節(jié)氧化應(yīng)激、炎癥以及與糖脂代謝相關(guān)的酶[21]。IR通過(guò)誘發(fā)全身炎癥及氧化應(yīng)激影響脂質(zhì)代謝,引起腎臟損害,導(dǎo)致尿酸鹽排泄障礙,在HUA的形成和發(fā)展中起致病作用[22]。研究還表明,HUA可通過(guò)增加單核細(xì)胞趨化蛋白及一些促炎因子,導(dǎo)致脂肪因子失衡,同時(shí)減少脂聯(lián)素的生成,進(jìn)而影響細(xì)胞對(duì)胰島素敏感性[23-25]。IR會(huì)引起繼發(fā)性高胰島素血癥,促進(jìn)腎小管對(duì)尿酸的重吸收[6-7]。
此外,亞組分析結(jié)果表明,與男性相比,女性人群中TyG指數(shù)和HUA呈顯著正相關(guān)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)IR對(duì)HUA的影響可能因性別而異,可能是因?yàn)榕跃哂胁煌男约に睾椭疽蜃樱顾齻儗?duì)胰島素的反應(yīng)比男性更敏感[26]。IR指標(biāo)與2型糖尿病、心血管疾病和非酒精性脂肪性肝病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間的關(guān)聯(lián)也得到了類(lèi)似的結(jié)果[27-29]。亞組分析提示在年齡lt;50歲患者中,TyG指數(shù)和HUA呈正相關(guān),本研究中患者年齡大多在30~40歲,可能歸因于中青年人群對(duì)胰島素的反應(yīng)更敏感,隨著年齡的增加,胰島素敏感性下降[30]。這一結(jié)果需要進(jìn)一步研究證實(shí)。
然而,本研究存在一定的局限性。首先,橫斷面設(shè)計(jì)不能充分證明TyG指數(shù)和HUA之間的因果關(guān)系。其次,飲食因素也可能促成了HUA的發(fā)展,本研究未評(píng)估飲食習(xí)慣對(duì)TyG指數(shù)與HUA之間關(guān)聯(lián)的影響。最后,研究對(duì)象為來(lái)自單一中心的患者,還需要通過(guò)擴(kuò)大樣本量來(lái)進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。
總之,本研究揭示SLE患者中TyG指數(shù)與HUA風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相關(guān),有助于制定針對(duì)IR驅(qū)動(dòng)的HUA合并癥的預(yù)防和干預(yù)策略。
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[收稿日期] 2024-01-16" [編輯] 何承志
[基金項(xiàng)目]國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(81671608)
[作者簡(jiǎn)介]陶良穎(1999—),女,碩士研究生;張華勇(通訊作者),主任醫(yī)師,博士生導(dǎo)師,E-mail: huayong.zhang@nju.edu.cn
江蘇大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版)2024年3期