【課例主題】
臨港世外“師之蘊九年一貫初小銜接英語教師主題研修工作室”以“小學低年級主題引領下的單元整體設計”為主題,以Kids’ Stories中“The Chase”教學為例,探索“小學低年級故事閱讀語言模仿學習”的有效方法。
【文本解讀】
1. 課標銜接。課標要求在教學中,教師要強化素養立意,圍繞單元主題,充分挖掘育人價值,確立單元育人目標和教學主線,圍繞主題,依托語篇,設計體驗、模仿、理解、應用等體現邏輯關聯的語言實踐活動,幫助學生建構基于主題的結構化知識;借助課堂任務單和板書,采用問答、描述和表演等活動內化所學語言和文化知識;通過小組討論、制作展板或海報、創編故事,以及表演等活動,用英語交流和表達新的認知,體現對主題的理解。
2. 單元素養。本單元為牛津教材(上海版)第四模塊“The natural world”中第一單元“On the farm”。
(1)要求學生掌握的英語核心素養
語言能力:學生能夠在感知、體驗、積累和運用等語言實踐活動中知曉、理解并運用本單元核心單詞duck、chick、cow、pig,并能在語境中理解并運用句型“What’s this/that?”“It’s a...”。文化意識:學生通過學習不同的動物特點,能對應配圖理解對話內容,感受大自然中不同動物的特點,培養學生善于觀察的能力和對動物的喜愛之情。思維品質:學生能夠在肢體語言、信息媒介的幫助下理解對話和故事內容,從多角度初步觀察和認識、了解動物,能有條理地用英語表達觀點,并且能夠利用之前學過的動物單詞創編新的對話和故事。學習能力:學生能夠樹立正確的英語學習目標,保持學習興趣,主動參與語言實踐活動;能通過跟讀模仿、看圖說話等形式學習相關詞匯;能通過文本試聽、模仿朗讀、角色扮演等形式學習相關句型,在學習中注意傾聽、樂于交流、大膽嘗試;學會自主探究,合作互助;學會反思和評價學習進展,調整學習方式;學會自我管理,提高學習效率,做到樂學善學。
(2)本課時涉及的國家課程標準學習要求
能感知單詞、短語及簡單句的重音和升降調等;能有意識地通過模仿學習發音;能大聲跟讀音視頻材料;能感知語言信息,積累表達個人喜好和個人基本信息的簡單句式;能借助圖片閱讀語言簡單的小故事,理解基本信息。聽做:能根據指令做事情,如指圖片、涂顏色、畫圖、做動作等;在圖片和動作的提示下,聽懂簡單的小故事,并做出適當的反應。說唱:根據錄音模仿說英語;根據表演猜測意思,說出詞語;能根據圖、文說出單詞或短句。玩演:在教師的指導下用英語做游戲,并在游戲中進行簡單的交流;在教師指導下進行簡單的角色扮演。視聽:觀看語言簡單的英語節目,理解大意,模仿其中簡單的話語。情感態度:在小組活動中能與其他學生積極配合和合作。語言文化:能在課堂語言實踐活動中了解中英文表達方式的差異。
【學情分析】
Students’ learning habits and attitudes have been initially set. This unit is designed to enhance students’ ability to imitate and express themselves in spoken and written English through a combination of listening,speaking,reading and writing activities. Students have been doing pair work and group work.
【課堂教學】
一、第一課時
(一)課時目標
1. To read the key words with the right pronunciation. (One-dimensional objective)
2. To imitate the story with the right pronunciation and intonation. (Two-dimensional objective)
3. To memorize the whole story and say the new words correctly. (Three-dimensional objective,Difficulties)
(二)課堂環節
I. Present the unit objectives and interpret the context (Pre-task preparations)
Teacher:Last period,we have learned a story named “The hungry lion”. Before new contents,let’s welcome our actors. Please introduce yourselves.
1. Students’ show time. Question:How wonderful!Here I have a new script about animals on the farm. Presupposition:Students have a great interest in the new script. (Purposes:To warm up and stimulate the students’ interest in the class.)
2. Show the pictures and words about animals. Presupposition:Review the words learned about animals. (Purposes:To help students recall animal-related words and phrases in order to learn new sentence patterns by using old words.)
3. Show the cover of the story. Question:What can you see?And what do the mouse do?Presupposition:The mouse runs on the road. (Purposes:To set up the context and lead to the topic.)
4. Previously on the story. Question:Why does the mouse run on the road?Presupposition:Maybe someone is chasing after him. (Purposes:To help the students know the general idea of the story.)
II. Listen to the text carefully and try to understand the whole story(While-task procedures)
1. Listen to the audios,and imitate the pronunciation and intonation of each sentence in the story. Presupposition:Students can basically repeat the sentences. (Purposes:To enhance students’ listening skills and speaking the sentences directly.)
2. Watch the videos of different animals and try to imitate them to repeat the sentences. (Purposes:To imitate the characteristics of characters and animals,which helps the students learn and imitate the each sentence in the story.)
3. Snowball rolling from the title to a particular picture. Presupposition:Each group tries to recite with the given pictures. (Purposes:To help the students consolidate their memories.)
III. Practice and perform(Post-task activities)
1. Be divided into two groups and practice sentence by sentence. Teacher:You will be divided in to two groups depending on the characters’ pictures. Each group needs only one of each character. (Purposes:To help the students improve their divergent thinking and believe that what you learn is what you think,which is what you express.)
2. Read the story. (Purposes:To allow students to promote learning with a sense of competition.)
IV. Make a summary to draw out the educational value
Purposes:To integrate educational value so that students not only learn the knowledge but also develop good values in the classroom.
二、第二課時
(一)課時目標
1. To understand the key words in the story. (One-dimensional objective)
2. To imitate the story with the right pronunciation and intonation. (Two-dimensional objective)
3. To act out the whole story and perform accurately based on the structure and drawn pictures. (Three-dimensional objective,Difficulties)
(二)課堂環節
I. Present the unit objectives and interpret the context(Pre-task preparations)
Teacher:Last period we learned Story “The Chase”. Can you recite now?
1. Students’ show time. (Purposes:To warm up and stimulate the students’ interest in the class.)
2. Show the pictures and words about animals in story. Question:Look at these pictures. Can you read and match them with pictures?(Purposes:To help students recall animal-related words and phrases in order to learn new sentence patterns by using old words.)
II. Listen to the text carefully and try to act out the whole story vividly(While-task procedures)
1. Listen to the recordings,and follow to accurate the pronunciation and intonation of each sentence in the story. Teacher:Listen carefully and repeat. Watch and try to act as these animals. (Purposes:To enhance students’ listening skills by listening to the recording and speaking the sentences directly.)
2. Snowball rolling from the title to a particular picture. Students:Act out from title to the fifth picture. (Purposes:To help the students consolidate their memories.)
III. Practice and perform(Post-task activities)
1. Practice sentence by sentence. Teacher:One of you will perform one animal on the stage. The rest of the classmates answer together. (Purposes:To help the students improve their divergent thinking and believe that what you learn is what you think,which is what you express.)
2. Act out the story. (Purposes:To make learning English more interesting for students,and allow students to promote learning with a sense of competition.)
IV. Make a summary to draw out the educational value
We can get a lot of inspiration from life. Be good at observing life and animals. (Purposes:To integrate educational value so that students not only learn the knowledge but also develop good values in the classroom.)
V. After-class task suggestions to motivate continuous learning
Teacher:After this class,you can write your own story by using different words of animals to create different storyline.
【執教反思】
一、學生立于課堂中心,培養興趣以促學習
在這節課的教學設計中,教師始終遵循“激發興趣、注重基礎、培養能力、發展興趣”的原則,以學生為課堂主體,力求活動能充分調動學生學習積極性。
在教學過程中注意創設情境,讓學生在輕松愉悅的氛圍中掌握知識。同時還注重學生的情感教育,通過游戲活動等方式激發學生的學習興趣和熱情。在課堂上,教師努力營造民主和諧的課堂氛圍,鼓勵學生大膽發言并及時給予肯定;尊重每個學生的個體差異性,善于發現每一個學生身上的亮點。比如在這節課中,教師注意到部分基礎比較薄弱的學生對新詞的掌握程度不高,在Practice by self的環節之后,教師先邀請了班級中英語水平較好的學生來模仿輸出,此舉可以幫助發音掌握不到位的學生再次模仿學習,以免部分學生被點到名后的輸出出現問題,打擊學習英語的自信心。
二、尊重學生年齡特點,活動設計有針對性
學生是課程活動的最大參與者與反饋者,教師要根據學生的認知特點,設計符合上課學生年齡特點的教學活動,開展多感官的語言實踐,讓學生在豐富有趣的語境中,通過感知、模仿、觀察、思考、交流和展示,體驗學習英語的樂趣,注重學科內涵。利用各種學習方式讓學生在教學活動中發展他們的優勢和才能,發現他們的興趣和潛力,并增強他們的學習效能感。本課時的第一個教學環節為故事表演秀,符合一年級學生愛看樂學、活潑好動的年齡特點,激發了他們對“新劇本”的好奇與興趣;在學習模仿環節配以不同動物的視頻,打破傳統課堂師講生聽的模式,讓學生自己看視頻、聽音頻模仿,提升了自主學習模仿能力,也給課堂增添了活力;此外,將本課時的驅動任務預先告知學生,能讓學生在學習過程中以“表演秀”為目標認真糾正發音、形象模仿動物,更好地投入英語學習中。
三、重視學習能力培養,靈活安排課程進度
教師要結合學生參與各項具體學習活動的表現和完成系列學習任務的質量來考查單元學習情況,重點評價學生核心素養的形成和發展。本課時教學過程中,由于課時限制,學生同結構不同單詞的句子操練不充足,教師注意到大部分學生對主文本的結構掌握到位,但某些單詞發音還有很大進步空間,因此在本節課結束之后又安排了詞匯復習課,幫助學生以舊句代“新詞”,適當加入了單詞自然拼讀的規則,讓學生利用規則多嘗試拼讀未學單詞,讓學生更好地掌握發音規律,培養他們的學習模仿能力。
總之,小學低年級的故事閱讀的語言模仿學習課堂應該要著眼課堂的活潑性和有趣性,確保教學活動的實效性和有效性,教師應該不斷提高自己的課堂診斷能力,積累教育智慧,與學生共同成長、進步,加強反思總結,成為不斷進取、具有反思意識和創新精神的英語教師。
(責任編輯:向志莉)