
中圖分類號:R735 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2025.12.013
文章編號:1006-1959(2025)12-0065-06
Role of Neutrophil-to-AlbuminRatio inPredicting PrognosisofPatientswithAdvanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Surgery
ZHAOJiqi,ZHOUMengxi1,LYUYinl,DENGJiaying2,XULei',DONGYaqin1,ZHULiyang,WANGYichun’,KANGei (1.DepartmentofadiatioOncolgytheirstAfiatedHospitalofAnuidicalUivesityHefeiO,Anin; 2.Department of Radiation,F(xiàn)udan University Shanghai Cancer Center,Shanghai 2Ooo32, China)
Abstract:ObjetieTevauatetherogosicaluefpreoperativepperalblodeutrophiltoabmiatio(NAR)ipatintswith esophagealsasellrocalgeeJatar4titsioeall carcinomafedicalesetionfrothFstAfliatedHspitalofAnuMedicalUniversiynd6patientsihesoagealuaocel carcinomaafteradicalresetonfromFudanUniversityShanghaiCancerCenterwereselecedassubjectsTheotialutoffvalueofNRws analyzedby X-Tile softwareand divided into low score group (NAR lt;0 .1) and high score group (NAR≥O.1).The clinical data of the two groups were compared,ndhgostcoeroudsodeleaplaeeededteald testwasefletei sungical procedure,degree of diffrentiation,tumor locationand TNM stage between the two groups( Pgt; 0.05).The median follow-up time was 40 months(range-56months),andthemedianOSwas50O(95%C38.5-61.5)moths.ThemedianOofthelowsoregoupas7(95%C 34.8-79.2)motsntemedanOSoftegoreos25%9oe,ndearuialaesf the low-score group were 85.9 % 60.5% ,49.8%,and 41.0% ,respectively,while the1-,3-, 5- ,and 10-year survival rates of the high-score group were73.4 % ,46.6 % ,36.0%,and23.8 % ,respectively.Coxunivariateanalysisshowedthatgender,smoking history,drinkinghistory,TNMstageand NARwerethegosticctosfOO).Ftouiaeealodaooade indepedentsctogosplaalisodabsiota Conclusion High NAR (NAR ?0.1 ) is an idependent risk factor forOS in patientswith esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Preoperative NAR is a convenient and efective indicatorfor predicting postoperative survival of esophageal squamous cellcarcinoma.
Keywords:Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; Neutrophil-to-albumin ratio; TNM stage
食管癌(esophagealcancer)在我國男性和女性中的發(fā)病率分別排在第五位和第十位,且隨著年齡增長,食管癌發(fā)病率呈逐漸上升趨勢,并于80\~84歲達(dá)到峰值。手術(shù)是根治食管癌的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)治療方案。盡管食管癌的早期篩查和診斷技術(shù)不斷普及和提高,但仍有超過 95% 的患者在首診即處于中晚期,5年生存率不足 30% [3]。因此,分析不同食管癌群體的預(yù)后,探索便捷、新穎的預(yù)測指標(biāo)具有重要的臨床意義和價(jià)值。全身系統(tǒng)性炎癥反應(yīng)是影響癌癥患者預(yù)后的重要因素,其可通過改變腫瘤免疫微環(huán)境影響惡性腫瘤的增殖、遷徙和轉(zhuǎn)移[47。在腫瘤微環(huán)境中,促炎細(xì)胞因子和炎癥細(xì)胞被激活,促進(jìn)新的淋巴管和血管的形成,有利于腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展8。此外,腫瘤微環(huán)境中的炎癥反應(yīng)也可破壞免疫細(xì)胞的功能,影響機(jī)體對腫瘤免疫監(jiān)視,致使腫瘤產(chǎn)生免疫逃避。因此,腫瘤炎癥相關(guān)因素是非常有價(jià)值的腫瘤預(yù)后生物標(biāo)志物。腫瘤的系統(tǒng)性炎癥反應(yīng)可通過外周血參數(shù)反映[10]。既往眾多研究表明[11-13],各種外周血細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)組合對于腫瘤患者預(yù)后的預(yù)測價(jià)值,如淋巴細(xì)胞與單核細(xì)胞比(lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio,LMR)中性粒細(xì)胞-淋巴細(xì)胞比(neutrophil-to-lym-phocyte ratio,NLR)、血小板與淋巴細(xì)胞比(platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio,PLR)和全身免疫炎癥指數(shù)(sys-temic immune-infammatory index,SII)。中性粒細(xì)胞絕對值計(jì)數(shù)與血清白蛋白比值(neutrophil-to-albu-minratio,NAR)是近些年來新開發(fā)的營養(yǎng)性炎癥相關(guān)指標(biāo),已被發(fā)現(xiàn)有助于評估各種疾病的預(yù)后,包括肝硬化、結(jié)腸炎和心力衰竭[14,15]。目前,已有研究表明[16,17],NAR與口腔癌和結(jié)腸癌的不良預(yù)后相關(guān)。然而,NAR作為食管癌患者預(yù)后生物標(biāo)志物的價(jià)值尚不明確,缺乏臨床研究闡明NAR與食管癌患者生存期的相關(guān)性。因而,本研究聚焦于以食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌(esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,ESCC)為代表的食管癌主要人群,結(jié)合臨床病理資料,分析闡明NAR對ESCC患者生存期的預(yù)測價(jià)值,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1資料與方法
1.1研究對象選擇2011年1月-2023年1月來自安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院的247例及上海復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬腫瘤醫(yī)院的126例食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌根治術(shù)術(shù)后患者作為研究對象。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn): ① 初診無遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移并在安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院或上海復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬腫瘤醫(yī)院接受根治性手術(shù)的患者; ② 美國癌癥聯(lián)合委員會(huì)(AJCC)第8版分期為 I~V 期; ③ 組織病理學(xué)確診為ESCC; ④ 臨床資料完整。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn): ① 合并其他惡性腫瘤; ② 合并凝血系統(tǒng)疾病,或心、肝、腎功能不全; ③ 臨床資料不完整。研究已獲得安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)(倫理號:quick-PJ2023-12-32)。由于本研究是回顧性研究,無需患者知情同意書。
1.2臨床資料收集與定義收集患者在手術(shù)前1周內(nèi)的中性粒細(xì)胞和血清白蛋白計(jì)數(shù),并納入相關(guān)臨床病理資料,包括患者的基本資料、腫瘤特征、手術(shù)方式及血細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)。NAR定義為根治性手術(shù)前外周血中的中性粒細(xì)胞絕對計(jì)數(shù)與血清白蛋白比值??偵嫫冢╫verallsurvival,OS)定義為從ESCC的病理診斷到最后一次隨訪或死亡的時(shí)間。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法使用SPSS28.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。X-Tile軟件用于分析NAR的最佳截?cái)嘀?。?jì)數(shù)資料以 (Πn) 表示, χ2 檢驗(yàn)或Fisher的精確檢驗(yàn)用于驗(yàn)證分類變量之間的差異。Kaplan-Meier法用于估計(jì)生存率,計(jì)算生存曲線。Log-rank檢驗(yàn)和Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)模型分別用于單因素和多因素分析。檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn) α=0.05 Plt;0.05 表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1患者基線特征患者中位年齡為63歲(范圍為39\~82歲),多為男性患者( 79.36% ,296/373),且44.50%(166/373) )的患者有吸煙史, 45.84% (171/373)的患者有飲酒史; 60.59%(226/373) 的患者為低分化, 39.41% (147/373)的患者為中高分化;54.96%(205/373) )的患者為Ⅱ期, 37.00%(138/373) 的患者為Ⅲ期患者, 8.04%(30/373 )的患者為V期患者。應(yīng)用X-Tile軟件分析NAR的最佳截?cái)嘀禐?.1,根據(jù)最佳截?cái)嘀祵AR分為低分組和高分組。兩組不同性別、年齡、BMI、吸煙史、飲酒史、分化程度、T期、N期、術(shù)式、腫瘤位置、TNM分期比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義( Pgt;0.05) ,見表1。
2.2生存分析本研究的中位隨訪時(shí)間為40個(gè)月(范圍1\~156個(gè)月),中位OS為 50.0(95%CI:38.5~ 61.5)個(gè)月。低分組的中位OS為 57.0(95%CI;34.8~ 79.2)個(gè)月,高分組的中位OS為 28.0(95%CI;16.4~ 39.6)個(gè)月,見圖1。低分組的1、3、5、10年生存率為85.9%.60.5%.49.8%.41.0% ,高分組的1、3、5、10年生存率分別為 73.4%.46.6%.36.0%.23.8% 。


2.3單因素和多因素COX分析Cox單因素分析顯示,性別、吸煙史、飲酒史、TNM分期及NAR為OS的預(yù)后影響因素( Plt;0.05) ,見表2。進(jìn)一步Cox多因素回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn),吸煙史、TNM分期及NAR是影響預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。根據(jù)Kaplan-Meier法分析顯示,吸煙史、Ⅱ期和NAR低分組的亞組人群有著更好的預(yù)后,見圖2、圖3。



3討論
外周靜脈血液中的炎癥細(xì)胞和蛋白質(zhì)的變化可以反映腫瘤進(jìn)展。中性粒細(xì)胞可以分泌細(xì)胞因子和趨化因子,創(chuàng)造有利于腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖、侵襲和血管形成的腫瘤微環(huán)境,從而促進(jìn)腫瘤的發(fā)展和進(jìn)展[18,19]。同時(shí),血清白蛋白水平也與系統(tǒng)性炎癥有關(guān),在高炎癥狀態(tài)下,肝臟會(huì)重新調(diào)整蛋白質(zhì)合成和白蛋白在血管內(nèi)外的分布,導(dǎo)致白蛋白水平降低[20.21]。NAR代表外周血中中性粒細(xì)胞數(shù)量與白蛋白水平之間的關(guān)系,現(xiàn)已被廣泛使用于檢測炎癥和機(jī)體營養(yǎng)狀況,同時(shí)也可以作為多種癌癥的預(yù)后標(biāo)志物,反映腫瘤特性[22]。
近年來一些研究結(jié)果表明,NAR對于不同系統(tǒng)腫瘤的發(fā)展與預(yù)后均具有良好的預(yù)測價(jià)值。例如,TawfikB等2研究發(fā)現(xiàn),NAR可以獨(dú)立預(yù)測接受直腸癌新輔助放化療的患者實(shí)現(xiàn)完全病理學(xué)反應(yīng)的可能性。再如,一項(xiàng)針對223例晚期姑息性肺癌患者的回顧性研究報(bào)告稱[24],NAR水平較高( gt;0.15) 與總生存期獨(dú)立相關(guān)。同時(shí),在一項(xiàng)針對229例接受根治性胃切除術(shù)治療胃腸間質(zhì)瘤的患者的回顧性研究中[25],單獨(dú)使用NAR的閾值為0.086,結(jié)合纖維蛋白原濃度可以幫助預(yù)測無復(fù)發(fā)生存期。XieH等2納入多個(gè)病種的14682例癌癥患者進(jìn)行研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)高NAR患者的死亡率高,且在按腫瘤類型進(jìn)行的亞組分析中,高NAR被確定為除乳腺癌外的大多數(shù)癌癥的危險(xiǎn)因素。這些證據(jù)均表明,高水平的NAR可能是患者惡性腫瘤預(yù)后不良的預(yù)測因子。然而,NAR作為食管癌患者預(yù)后生物標(biāo)志物的價(jià)值尚不明確,缺乏臨床研究闡明NAR與食管癌患者生存期的相關(guān)性。因而,本研究聚焦ESCC,回顧性分析了373例接受根治性手術(shù)的ESCC患者的臨床資料,在相對較大的隊(duì)列中發(fā)現(xiàn)高NAR( ?0.1 )患者的預(yù)后比低NAR患者差,且多因素Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)模型分析顯示,高NAR是影響根治性手術(shù)術(shù)后的食管癌患者的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,不利于患者生存。分析認(rèn)為,全身系統(tǒng)性炎癥反應(yīng)是腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵原因之一,而晚期腫瘤患者極度消耗,致使蛋白質(zhì)丟失。因此,NAR的增加,即中性粒細(xì)胞增加和(或)白蛋白減少,表明全身炎癥水平升高和蛋白質(zhì)降解代謝加重,表明預(yù)后不良的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加。本研究結(jié)果表明,術(shù)前NAR與食管癌患者臨床預(yù)后結(jié)局有關(guān),術(shù)前NAR比值高的患者生存周期較短高,預(yù)后較差。因此,建議這類患者加強(qiáng)術(shù)前新輔助治療或術(shù)后輔助治療。此外,本研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)根據(jù)AJCC第8版劃分的腫瘤分期在本研究中仍然是OS的重要預(yù)后因素,這表明在預(yù)測ESCC根治術(shù)后患者的預(yù)后時(shí),可將腫瘤分期與NAR相結(jié)合,以期實(shí)現(xiàn)更準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)后價(jià)值。另外,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),吸煙史也是OS的重要影響因素,并且根據(jù)Kaplan-Meier法分析顯示,具有吸煙史的亞組人群有著更好的預(yù)后。但本研究也具有一定的局限性:首先,由于本研究為回顧性研究,刪除了部分不符合納人標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的患者,存在選擇偏倚的可能;其次,本研究雖然納入了10年的病例,但臨床資料仍然有限,后續(xù)仍需收集數(shù)據(jù);并且本研究是雙中心合作研究,不同中心的治療水平和檢測工具存在差異,可能影響研究結(jié)果;而且本研究僅在臨床水平上探討了NAR與腫瘤預(yù)后之間的關(guān)系,并未研究其潛在機(jī)制,后續(xù)仍需要進(jìn)一步研究以闡明具體機(jī)制。
綜上所述,低NAR組患者預(yù)后情況優(yōu)于高NAR組,高NAR是影響ESCC患者預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,NAR有潛力成為ESCC患者預(yù)后的預(yù)測指標(biāo)。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]Han B,Zheng R,Zeng H,etal.Cancer incidence and mortality in China,2022[].J Natl Cancer Cent,2024,4(1):47-53.
[2]ZhuH,Ma X,Ye T,etal.Esophageal cancer in China:Practice and research in the new era[J].IntJ Cancer,2O23,152(9):1741- 1751.
[3]Carroll TM,Chadwick JA,Owen RP,et al.Tumor monocyte content predicts immunochemotherapy outcomes in esophageal adenocarcinoma[J].Cancer Cell,2023,41(7):1222-1241.
[4]DiMeglio A,Vaz-Luis I.Systemic inflammation and cancerrelated frailty:shifting the paradigm toward precision survivorship medicine[J].ESMO Open,2024,9(1):102205.
[5]ZhangY,SongM,YangZ,etal.Healthylifestyles,systemicinflammation and breast cancer risk:a mediation analysis[J].BMC Cancer,2024,24(1):208.
[6]Ruan GT,Deng L,Xie HL,et al.Systemic inflammation and insulin resistance -related indicator predicts poor outcome in patients with cancer cachexia[J].Cancer Metab,2024,12(1):3.
[7]Muske J,Knoop K.Contributions of the microbiota to the systemicinflammatory response[J].Microbiota Host,2O23,1 (1): e230018.
[8]Singh N,Baby D,Rajguru JP,et al.Inflammation and cancer[]. Ann Afr Med,2019,18(3):121-126.
[9]Denk D,Greten FR.Inflammation: the incubator of the tumor microenvironment[J].Trends Cancer,2022,8(11):901-914.
[10]Chechlinska M,KowalewskaM,NowakR.Systemicinflammation asa confounding factor in cancer biomarker discovery and validation[J].Nat Rev Cancer,2010,1O(1):2-3.
[11]YeM,Huang A,Yuan B,et al.Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-to-eosinophil ratio as prognostic indicators for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma [J].Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol,2024,281(4):1971-1989.
[12]Gawinski C,MrózA,Roszkowska -PurskaK,etal.A Prospective Study on the Roles of the Lymphocyte -toMonocyte Ratio (LMR),Neutrophil -to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR),and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio(PLR) in Patients withLocally Advanced Rectal Cancer[J].Biomedicines,2023,11 (11):3048.
[13]Deng C,Liao J,F(xiàn)u Z,etal.Systemic immune index predicts tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte intensity and immunotherapy response in small cell lung cancer [J].Transl Lung Cancer Res, 2024,13(2):292-306.
[14]Bao B,Xu S,Sun P,et al.Neutrophil to albumin ratio:a biomarker in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and with liver fbrosis[J].Front Nutr,2024,11:1368459.
[15]Zhang Y,Xu F,Li Y,etal.C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio and neutrophil-to-albumin ratio for predicting response and prognosis to infliximab in ulcerative colitis [J].Front Med (Lausanne),2024,11:1349070.
[16]Lale A,Sahin E,Aslan A,etal.The Relation Between Serumbased Systemic Inflammatory Biomarkersand Locoregional Lymph Node Metastasis in Clinical Stages I to II Right-sided Colon Cancers: The Role of Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio[]. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech,2023,33(6):603-607.
[17]Yu YY,Lin YT,Chuang HC,et al.Prognostic utility of neutrophil-to-albumin ratio in surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma[J].Head Neck,2023,45(11):2839-2850.
[18]Gregory AD,McGarry Houghton A.Tumor -Associated Neutrophils: New Targets for Cancer Therapy J].Cancer Research,2011,71(7):2411-2416.
[19]Xie H,Huang S,Yuan G,et al.The advanced lung cancer inflammation index predicts short and long -term outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer following surgical resection: a retrospective study[].PeerJ,2020,8:e10100.
[20]Roxburgh CS,McMillan DC.Role of systemic inflammatory response in predicting survival in patients with primary operable cancer[J].Future Oncol,2010,6(1):149-163.
[21]EvansDC,CorkinsMR,MaloneA,etal.TheUse ofVisceral Proteins as Nutrition Markers:An ASPEN Position Paper[J].Nutrition in Clinical Practice,2021,36(1):22-28
[22]Liu CF,Chien LW.Predictive Role of Neutrophil-Percentage-to-Albumin Ratio(NPAR)in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Advanced Liver Fibrosis in Nondiabetic US Adults: Evidence from NHANES 2017-2018 [J].Nutrients,2023,15(8): 1892.
[23]Tawfik B,Mokdad AA,Patel PM,etal.Theneutrophil to albumin ratio as a predictor of pathological complete response in rectal cancer patients following neoadjuvant chemoradiation[J]. Anti-cancer Drugs,2016,27(9):879-883.
[24]Feng C,Yu H,Lei H,et al.A prognostic model using the neutrophil-albumin ratio and PG-SGA to predict overall survival in advanced palliative lung cancer[J].BMC Palliat Care, 2022,21(1):81.
[25]Li R,Sun Z,Song S,et al.NARFIB:A Novel Prognostic Score Based on the Neutrophil-to-Albumin Ratio and Fibrinogen Can Predict the Prognosis of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors[J].Cancer ManagRes,2020,12:11183-11190.
[26]XieH,Jia P,Wei L,etal.Evaluation and validation of neutrophil to albumin ratio asa promising prognostic marker for all-cause mortality in patients with cancer:a multicenter cohort study[].Nutrition,2024,121:112365.
收稿日期:2024-05-24:修回日期:2024-07-25

編輯/杜帆