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PHR、LMR、ApoA1檢測在乳腺癌診斷中的價值

2025-08-03 00:00:00郭玲李泰階王健
中國現代醫生 2025年19期
關鍵詞:乳腺癌

[摘要] 目的 探討血小板與血紅蛋白比值(platelet to hemoglobin ratio,PHR)、淋巴細胞與單核細胞比值(lymphocyte to monocyte ratio,LMR)、載脂蛋白A1(apolipoprotein A1,ApoA1)在乳腺癌患者中的診斷價值。方法 選取2022年1月至2023年10月于廣西醫科大學第一附屬醫院診治的乳腺癌患者250例納入乳腺癌組,同期于醫院健康體檢中心體檢的健康女性192名納入對照組。分析PHR、LMR和ApoA1與乳腺癌組織病理學類型、分子亞型、腫瘤分級、分期、腫瘤大小和淋巴轉移的相關性。繪制受試者操作特征曲線(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲線)分析ApoA1、PHR和LMR單獨及聯合檢測乳腺癌的診斷價值。結果 乳腺癌組患者的外周血PHR顯著高于對照組(Plt;0.001),LMR和ApoA1均顯著低于對照組(Plt;0.001)。Pearson卡方檢驗結果顯示,外周血PHR與腫瘤大小顯著相關(χ2=6.870,Plt;0.05),而LMR、ApoA1與乳腺癌病理特征之間的相關性不明顯。ROC曲線分析顯示,外周血PHR、LMR和ApoA1單獨診斷乳腺癌的曲線下面積(area under the curve,AUC)分別為0.665、0.645、0.733,最佳臨界值分別為2.01、5.34和1.335g/L。三個指標聯合診斷的AUC為0.794,敏感度為79.2%,特異性為67.2%。結論 外周血PHR、LMR和ApoA1檢測均可作為乳腺癌輔助診斷的潛在指標,三者聯合的診斷價值較高。

[關鍵詞] 乳腺癌;血小板與血紅蛋白比值;淋巴細胞與單核細胞比值;載脂蛋白A1

[中圖分類號] R446.1" """"[文獻標識碼] A """""[DOI] 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9701.2025.19.006

The value of PHR, LMR and ApoA1 detection in the diagnosis of breast cancer

GUO Ling1,2, LI Taijie2, WANG Jian1

1.Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; 2.Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530199, Guangxi, China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the diagnostic value of platelet to hemoglobin ratio (PHR), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR), and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) in patients with breast cancer. Methods A total of 250 breast cancer patients diagnosed and treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2022 to October 2023 were selected and included in breast cancer group, and 192 healthy women who underwent physical examinations at the hospital’s health examination center during the same period were included in control group. To analyze the correlations between PHR, LMR and ApoA1 and the histopathological type, molecular subtype, tumor grade, stage, tumor size and lymphatic metastasis of breast cancer. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the diagnostic value of ApoA1, PHR and LMR alone and combination in the detection of breast cancer. Results The peripheral blood PHR of patients in breast cancer group was significantly higher than that in control group (Plt;0.001), while LMR and ApoA1 were significantly lower than those in control group (Plt;0.001). The Pearson chi-square test results showed that peripheral blood PHR was significantly correlated with tumor size (χ2=6.870,Plt;0.05), while the correlations between LMR, ApoA1 and pathological features of breast cancer were not obvious. The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for the single diagnosis of breast cancer using peripheral blood PHR, LMR and ApoA1 were 0.665, 0.645 and 0.733 respectively, and the optimal cut-off values were 2.01, 5.34 and 1.335g/L. The AUC obtained by using the three indicators together was 0.794, with a sensitivity of 79.2% and a specificity of 67.2%. Conclusion Peripheral blood PHR, LMR and ApoA1 tests can all serve as potential indicators for the auxiliary diagnosis of breast cancer, and the combined use of these three tests has a relatively high diagnostic value.

[Key words] Breast cancer; Platelet to hemoglobin ratio; Lymphocyte to monocyte ratio; Apolipoprotein A1

乳腺癌是全球最常見的女性惡性腫瘤,中國占全球乳腺癌確診病例的12.2%,占乳腺癌死亡病例的9.6%[1]。目前臨床上常用的乳腺癌診斷方法有乳腺鉬靶、超聲、磁共振成像、穿刺活檢等[2]。盡管這些方法在乳腺癌診斷中發揮重要作用,但仍有一定的局限性。組織學檢查創傷大,給患者帶來痛苦和風險[3]。近年來,生物標志物在乳腺癌診斷和預后評估中的作用受到廣泛關注[4-5]。外周血血小板與血紅蛋白比值(platelet to hemoglobin ratio,PHR)可反映炎癥和免疫反應狀態[6]。PHR是一種用于評估自身免疫病活性和嚴重程度的新興生物標志物。研究表明高PHR的癌癥患者預后較差,且與心力衰竭等疾病的預后有關[7-9]。淋巴細胞與單核細胞比值(lymphocyte to monocyte ratio,LMR)可反映機體的炎癥狀態和內分泌失調。研究發現乳腺癌復發患者的LMR明顯降低且預后較差,可能與乳腺癌細胞的增殖和侵襲能力有關[10]。Meta分析證實術前LMR與乳腺癌診斷的相關性[11]。研究表明載脂蛋白A1(apolipoprotein A1,ApoA1)和ApoA1-AF7p的嵌合蛋白可增強納米微粒對MDA-MB-231乳腺癌細胞的靶向能力[12-13]。本研究擬探討PHR、LMR、ApoA1檢測在乳腺癌診斷中的價值,為臨床提供參考。

1" 資料與方法

1.1" 研究對象

選取2022年1月至2023年10月于廣西醫科大學第一附屬醫院診治的乳腺癌患者250例納入乳腺癌組。納入標準:術前確診為乳腺惡性腫瘤;術前血液學指標齊備。排除標準:患有高脂血癥、肝炎、血液病、自身免疫病或其他癌癥:男性乳腺癌。另選取同期于醫院健康體檢中心體檢的健康女性192名納入對照組。兩組研究對象的年齡比較差異無統計學意義(Pgt;0.05)。本研究經廣西醫科大學第一附屬醫院醫學倫理委員會批準(倫理審批號:2025-E320-19)。

1.2" 數據收集

收集兩組研究對象的首次化驗結果,包括血紅蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、血小板(platelet,PLT)、外周血淋巴細胞絕對計數、外周血單核細胞絕對計數和ApoA1。根據2015年修訂的圣加侖國際專家共識[14]確定乳腺癌的免疫組織化學分子亞型:Luminal A型[雌激素受體(estrogen receptor,ER)+、孕激素受體(progesterone receptor,PR)≥20%、Ki-67lt;20%和人類表皮生長因子受體2(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2)–]、Luminal B型(ER+、HER2–、Ki-67≥20%、PR–或lt;20%;ER+、HER2+、任何Ki-67、任何PR)、HER2過表達型(ER–、PR–、HER2+)和三陰性型(ER–、PR–和HER2–)。

1.3" 統計學方法

使用SPSS 27.0軟件對數據進行統計分析。符合正態分布的計量資料以均數±標準差(")表示,比較采用t檢驗,不符合正態分布的計量資料以中位數(四分位數間距)[MQ1Q3)]表示,比較采用秩和檢驗。計數資料以例數(百分率)[n(%)]表示,比較采用χ2檢驗。分類變量之間的相關性采用Pearson卡方檢驗進行評估,繪制受試者操作特征曲線(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲線)分析ApoA1、PHR和LMR對乳腺癌的診斷性能。Plt;0.05為差異有統計學意義。

2" 結果

2.1" 乳腺癌患者的病理特征

乳腺癌組患者年齡40歲以上194例,40歲及以下56例;腫瘤位置左側119例,右側131例;Luminal A型70例,Luminal B型103例,HER2過表達型52例,三陰性型25例;SBR分級:1級14例,2級188例,3級48例;TMN分期:Ⅰ期64例,Ⅱ期128例,Ⅲ期52例,Ⅳ期6例。

2.2" 指標臨界值的確定

根據外周血細胞計數計算PHR和LMR,統計ApoA1結果,按75%百分位數確定臨界值;PHR≤2.64為低,gt;2.64為高;LMR≤5.27為低,gt;5.27為高,ApoA1≤1.42g/L為低,gt;1.42g/L為高,見表1。

2.3" 兩組研究對象的PHR、LMR、ApoA1比較

乳腺癌組患者的外周血PHR顯著高于對照組(Plt;0.001),LMR和ApoA1均顯著低于對照組(Plt;0.001),見表2。

2.4" PHR、LMR和ApoA1與臨床特征的相關性

Pearson卡方檢驗結果顯示,外周血PHR與腫瘤大小顯著相關(χ2=6.870,Plt;0.05),提示外周血PHR在評估乳腺腫瘤大小方面具有潛在的臨床價值。然而,LMR和ApoA1與乳腺癌的病理特征之間未發現明顯相關性,見表3。

2.5" PHR、LMR和ApoA1對乳腺癌的診斷效能

二元Logistic回歸結果顯示,PHR對乳腺癌的診斷有正向影響,LMR和ApoA1對乳腺癌的診斷 有負向影響(Plt;0.05),見表4。ROC曲線結果顯示,外周血PHR、LMR和ApoA1單獨診斷乳腺癌的曲線下面積(area under the curve,AUC)分別為0.665、0.645、0.733,最佳臨界值分別為2.01、5.34和1.335g/L。三項指標聯合診斷的AUC為0.794,敏感度為79.2%,特異性為67.2%,見表5、圖1。

3" 討論

早期乳腺癌被認為是一種潛在的可治愈疾病,其治療方案也取得重大進展,但仍有20%~30%的乳腺癌患者在10~20年后發生轉移[15]

乳腺癌患者在Hb降低或血液處于高凝高黏狀態時,PLT升高,導致PHR升高[16]。高PHR反映患者的炎癥和免疫反應增加,與腫瘤的進展、侵襲和預后不良有關[17]。研究表明PHR對動脈疾病的預后有一定預測價值[8]。本研究結果顯示,PHR單獨診斷乳腺癌的敏感度為66.8%,特異性為59.9%,AUC為0.665,具有一定的價值。

趙微等[18]研究表明LMR單獨診斷乳腺癌的敏感度為44.33%,特異性為69.23%;當癌胚抗原、糖類抗原125、糖類抗原153、LMR和EphrinB2五者聯合檢測時,敏感度上升至68.33%,特異性上升至82.69%。本研究顯示,LMR單獨診斷乳腺癌的敏感度為78.0%,特異性為45.3%;當PHR、LMR和ApoA1三者聯合檢測時,敏感度上升至79.2%,特異性上升至67.2%,顯著提高乳腺癌的檢出率。

本研究發現大多數乳腺癌患者的ApoA1水平較低。研究表明低ApoA1與各種腫瘤之間存在相關性[19-20]。蔣圣早等[21]發現乳腺癌組患者的ApoA1水平顯著低于對照組,與本研究結果一致。乳腺癌在發展過程中可導致包括ApoA1在內的蛋白質發生變化[22]。然而,筆者發現血清ApoA1水平與乳腺癌的組織病理學類型、分級、分期和分子亞型并無明顯關聯。蔡奮等[23]發現高ApoA1可降低乳腺癌患者的死亡風險。乳腺癌患者體內低水平ApoA1可能與炎癥反應影響肝臟生成或清除ApoA1、化療和放療影響患者的脂質代謝有關[24-25]

綜上所述,外周血PHR、LMR和ApoA1檢測均可作為乳腺癌輔助診斷的潛在指標,三者聯合的診斷價值較高,具有一定的臨床應用前景。

利益沖突:所有作者均聲明不存在利益沖突。

[參考文獻]

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[8]"" BAO K, HUANG H, HUANG G, et al. Platelet-to- hemoglobin ratio as a valuable predictor of long-term all-cause mortality in coronary artery disease patients with congestive heart failure[J]. BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 2021, 21(1): 618.

[9]"" KIM J S, SONG J, CHOI S, et al. Changes in body composition and subsequent cardiovascular disease risk among 5-year breast cancer survivors[J]. Front Cardiovasc Med, 2023, 10: 1259292.

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[13] CLARKE C H, YIP C, BADGWELL D, et al. Proteomic biomarkers apolipoprotein A1, truncated transthyretin and connective tissue activating protein Ⅲ enhance the sensitivity of CA125 for detecting early stage epithelial ovarian cancer[J]. Gynecol Oncol, 2011, 122(3): 548–553.

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[15] FU J X, ZOU Y N, LI L, et al. Widespread metastasis to the stomach 10 years after primary breast cancer: A case report and review of the literature[J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2020, 99(48): e22527.

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[18] 趙微, 李罡, 孫成, 等. 血清CEA、CA125、CA153、LMR、EphrinB2聯合檢測用于乳腺癌篩查的臨床價值[J]. 中國醫藥科學, 2022, 12(21): 156–159.

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[23] 蔡奮, 張凡, 吳俊東, 等. 脂蛋白膽固醇和載脂蛋白水平對乳腺癌發生及預后的預測價值[J]. 現代預防醫學, 2022, 49(10): 1906–1911.

[24] DEI CAS M, CINISELLI C M, VERGANI E, et al. Alterations in plasma lipid profiles associated with melanoma and therapy resistance[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2024, 25(3): 1558.

[25] DONG H, WANG J, HU P, et al. Association of apolipoprotein A1, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and their ratio with inflammatory marker in Chinese adults with coronary artery disease[J]. Angiology, 2023, 74(8): 765–773.

(收稿日期:2025–03–04)

(修回日期:2025–06–10)

通信作者:王健,電子信箱:wangjian616161@163.com

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