即興之詩 生輝之作

五月晴光照太清，

四郎島②上話牛耕③。

櫻花吐艷梨花素，

泉水噴云海水平④。

灣畔人魚⑤疑入夢，

館中雕塑渾如生。

北歐風物今觀遍，

民情最美數丹京。

Touring Copenhagen

By Guo Moruo⑥， May 1959

Translated and annotated

by Zhang Gaoyuan（張高遠譯注），

verified by

Cay Dollerup（Cay Dollerup校對）

May sees the sun reflecting everything crystal under the heaven，

On the “Four-Son Island”⑦ we are telling about the “Plowing Oxen”⑧

Here the cherry trees are in full bloom， there the pear trees let out blossoms pure and white；

Spurting mists is the Fountain⑨， and motionless is the surface of the sea.

At the bay the little Mermaid⑩ sits brooding as if in a dreamland，

In the museums the statues so lifelike as if the heroes were reborn.

Now after all the Nordic countries I have toured，

Folkway nowhere else’s I’ve found so enthralling as in Copenhagen.

注釋：

①此詩為郭沫若1959年5月訪問丹麥首都哥本哈根時即興之作，詩作原件保存于中國駐丹麥使館。英譯及其注釋系譯者張高遠2005—2006年留學丹麥期間所為。

②“四郎島”即“西蘭島”，是丹麥首都哥本哈根所在地，為丹麥最大島嶼。作者借英文名稱“Sealand”和漢語“四郎”之間諧音相關，巧妙地聯系有關該島來歷的美麗傳說，使詩作更富有情趣。參見下面英文注釋。

③蓋菲昂噴泉位于哥本哈根市中心東北部。逐層而建的噴泉頂部是蓋菲昂女神和四條套著犁的健牛的銅像。蓋菲昂是北歐神話中的一位女神，相傳古代瑞典有個叫戈爾弗（Gylfe）的國王，答應蓋菲昂女神可以從瑞典國土上挖走一塊土地，挖多少算多少。于是，蓋菲昂女神將其四個兒子化為四條牛，用犁從瑞典國土上挖了一大塊土地，并把它移到海上；從此，瑞典國土上留下一個維納恩湖（Vanern），而挖出來的土地就是現在哥本哈根所在的西蘭島（Sj?lland/Sealand）。從地圖上看，西蘭島的海岸線和維納恩湖的形狀確實十分相似。這就是傳說中西蘭島的來歷。神話中的蓋菲昂女神終身未婚，但她卻同大力神生下了四個兒子。

④人們根據上述神話鑄造了蓋菲昂噴泉。整個景觀造型為：女神左手扶犁，右手執鞭，駕馭著四條健牛奮力耕犁，四條銅牛躬身抵角、拼力拉犁，形態各異、栩栩如生。銅牛的鼻孔泉水噴濺，凝成薄霧，犁后噴泉洶涌，形同垂瀑。臺基周圍隨著道路的波度，用花崗石隨波度延伸圍成一泓水池，所有的泉水匯集池內。水池內兩邊各有一條銅鑄巨蟒盤纏，左右兩股噴泉直注銅牛。整個結構氣勢磅礴，景色蔚為壯觀，每年吸引著成千上萬的游客。郭詩“四郎島上話牛耕”、“泉水噴云海水平”兩句描寫的就是蓋菲昂噴泉。

⑤“人魚”即“美人魚”，是位于哥本哈根市中心東北部的長堤公園（Langelinie）的一座世界聞名的銅像。她坐在一塊巨大的花崗石上：遠望，這個人身魚尾的美“人”恬靜嫻雅，悠閑自得；近觀，卻是一個神情憂郁、冥思苦想的少女。

⑥Guo Moruo (1892-1978)， a well-known contemporary Chinese writer and scholar， who is better- known as a poet and historian. Among his best-known works are his poetry collection The Goddesses (1921) and his historical play Qu Yuan (1942) which is about the Chinese dissident poet of the 4th century B.C.Guoserved as a prominent government official from 1949 until his death. This poem was improvised in May 1959 when he visited Copenhagen.

⑦“Four-Men Island” refers to Sealand， the name of the island where Copenhagen is located. In accordance with the euphony or near-homophony between “Sealand” and “si lang/四郎”， the author creatively transliterated “Sealand” into “si lang dao”， whose literate meaning is “the Island of Four Men / Sons”， which in turn alludes to the beautiful tale of the origin of Sealand， i.e.， Gefion the goddess had four sons， whom she turned into four plowing oxen for the creation of Sealand. Etymologically， however， Sealand means “the (is)land of the seals”， which has nothing to do with the legend. For the sake of faithfulness， I render “si lang dao” literately into “Four-Men Island”， rather than adopt the established place name “Sealand”.

⑧Gefion is a goddess in Nordic mythology. A legend goes that in ancient Sweden a king named Gylfe had promised Gefion that she was allowed to plow as large a piece of land out of Sweden as she could within the limit of 24 hours. When she asked for oxen， the king refused to lend her any. Therefore， the goddess turned her four sons into four muscular oxen carrying a powerful iron plow， and indeed she removed a large piece of land away from the kingdom of Sweden， loading it onto the entrance of the Baltic Sea. Where the removed land had originally been， a lake named Vaenern came into being as a result， while the removed land has come to be the island Sealand， where Copenhagen is now located. Studied from the map， the coastline of Sealand looks surprisingly like the shape of Lake Vaenern. Thus goes the legend about the origin of Sealand. Unmarried as she was all her life， Gefion the goddess， whose lover was the God of Strength， nevertheless gave birth to four sons.

⑨“Fountain” here refers to Gefion Fountain. Just in accordance with the above legend， a fountain has been built on a terraced hill in the northeast of downtown Copenhagen. Above the fountain， the goddess supports the plow with her right hand， while goading with her left hand the four vigorous oxen， which are working with all their might. The four oxen in bronze， with their heads lowered， are trying to telescope their bodies to carry the plow along， each looking different in postures， yet all lifelike. The fountain sprays onto the muzzles of the oxen， creating misty clouds， while behind the plow and the goddess， the fountain gushes out like a cascade.

⑩“Mermaid” here refers to the world-famous bronze figure ultimately cast after The Little Mermaid， a well-known fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen. Sitting on a huge piece of granite， this beauty， with a young female body and a tail of fish，looks serenely elegant from afar but broodily sad at a close distance. Situated at the shore close to a pier named Langelinie in the northeast of the downtown capital， it is looked upon as the symbol of Copenhagen. Thus，a popular saying goes: He is not a tourist of Copenhagen who has not seen the Mermaid.