非謂語動詞備考之“八項”注意

杜　超

[摘要]非謂語動詞是中學英語教學的重點之一，也是歷屆高考必考內容。文章通過總結、對比、舉例來說明非謂語動詞易混功能及特殊用法，以便快速提高高考復習效果。

[關鍵詞]英語教學 非謂語動詞 “八項”注意

非謂語動詞是中學英語教學的重點之一，也是歷屆高考必考內容。多年來的英語教學實踐證明，高考沖刺階段，師生若對它抓住以下八點關鍵問題復習備考，會達到事半功倍的效果。

1.不定式和動名詞作主（賓）語時常用it作形式主（賓）語。

如(1) It is important for us to master English；(2) Do you find it interesting living here?

2.不定式跟在decide, afford, arrange, ask，believe，choose，continue，dare，determine，expect，fail，hope，hesitate，manage，offer，promise，plan，pretend，refuse，remain，seem，struggle，wish 等常見動詞后。跟在would like, set out, so as, be about, be sure, be excited, be willing, be pleased等結構中。

如(I am) very pleased and surprised to meet you here.

3. 動名詞常跟在suggest，advice，avoid，appreciate，consider，delay，dislike，escape，excuse，enjoy，finish，imagine，mind，permit，practice，resist，risk，insist(on)，keep(on)，be worth，object to，devote to，lead to，refer to，stick to，owe to，get used to，pay attention to，look forward to等常見動詞或短語后。

如I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.

4. 介詞后常接動名詞作賓語，而but，except后接不定式。不定式帶不帶“to”取決于其前有無動詞do的各種形式。用法“口決”是：“有do省to，無do留to”.

如(1) I had no choice but to ask him for help；(2) I did nothing but watch TV last night .

5. remember, forget, regret, stop, try, mean, cant help, go on, be used(to), look forward(to)等常見動詞或短語接不定式和動名詞作賓語語義有所不同。

如(1) I couldnt help talking to myself；(2) I couldnt help (to) do work.

6. 分詞作定語一般放在被修飾詞前，但修飾these, one, something等不定代詞時除外。如：Those invited were all teachers. 不定式作定語放修飾詞后；若動詞不及物時，應在其后加適當的介詞。但被修飾詞是time ,place或way時，介詞可以省略。

如(1) He should find a room to live in.(2) He cant find a place to play.

7.不定式省略to作賓補的常見動詞有：feel, hear, listen to, make, let, have，see , watch , notice , look at , observe, help等。記憶“口訣”：一感二聽三使讓，四看注意半幫忙；主動不能帶to字，變成被動回原場。

如(1) He made me repair his bike yesterday. (2) He was heard to sing an American song .

8. Having (been)done常做狀語，不做限制性定語；being done.常做定語，不做狀語；done sth.既做定語也做狀語。doing sth做狀語，表順其自然的結果;（only）to do sth. 做狀語表出乎意料之結果。

如(1) Having finished the work, they went home. (2)The noise of desks being closed could be heard outside.

參考文獻：

[1]薄冰.高級英語語法.

[2]中學英語詞義辨析.

[3]中小學外語教學.