巧整合,精訓(xùn)練,提高學(xué)生英語(yǔ)寫作能力

在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中，寫作始終是一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。這就要靠教師的精點(diǎn)撥、巧訓(xùn)練，與學(xué)生掌握基本方法后的常練筆。通過課程資源的有效整合，可以提高學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)寫作水平。教材整合能充分發(fā)揮師生的主動(dòng)性，發(fā)揮教材的最大優(yōu)勢(shì)，爭(zhēng)取教學(xué)的最優(yōu)化。

一、關(guān)注常用詞匯，注重用法積累

英語(yǔ)教師要善于提取學(xué)生頭腦中儲(chǔ)存的從課本學(xué)習(xí)的大量句子，通過合理的整合，使學(xué)生對(duì)某一詞匯有較全面的認(rèn)識(shí)，這樣才能靈活運(yùn)用詞匯。例如，要學(xué)生掌握determine的用法，可以舉出以下在教材中出現(xiàn)的句子:

①She gave me a determined look. (P 18，M 1，Unit 3)

②She did not study at a university but she was determined to work with animals in their own environment. (P 2，M 1，Unit 3)

③Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her good nature that got her into medical school. (P 6，M 4，Unit 1)

④He determined to find out why. (P 2，M 5，Unit 1)

⑤But at last the determination and patience of the scientists was rewarded in 1996 with a breakthrough-the cloning of Dolly the sheep. ((P 11，M 8，Unit 2)

這樣，學(xué)生就很容易掌握determine(v.) to do sth.， be determined(adj.) to do sth.與determination(n.)的正確用法。

二、多做翻譯練習(xí)，強(qiáng)化詞匯運(yùn)用

學(xué)生第一次翻譯句子時(shí)會(huì)有很明顯的中文烙印，經(jīng)過多次糾正后，學(xué)生就可以熟練掌握英語(yǔ)的正確表達(dá)了。例如，讓學(xué)生翻譯下列句子:

①過馬路要當(dāng)心。

②此處不準(zhǔn)吸煙。

③貴重物品請(qǐng)隨身攜帶。

④十字路口經(jīng)常發(fā)生交通事故。

⑤參觀整個(gè)校園用了一個(gè)半小時(shí)。

⑥明天會(huì)出太陽(yáng)。

⑦前天她的錢包給偷了。

面對(duì)類似上述句子，學(xué)生很容易就按照中文的思維，對(duì)句子進(jìn)行直譯，出現(xiàn)了如下不符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)規(guī)范的句子(后一句是正確答案):

① Crossing the street should be careful.(×)

Be careful when crossing the street. (√)

② Here is not allowed smoking. (×)

Smoking is not allowed here./ No smoking is allowed here. (√)

③ The valuable things please carry. (×)

Please carry the valuables with you. (√)

④ Crossing often happens traffic accidents. (×)

Traffic accidents often happen at the crossings. (√)

⑤ Visiting the campus spent one hour and a half. (×)

It took us one hour and a half to visit the campus. (√)

⑥ Tomorrow will come out the sun. (×)

It will be sunny tomorrow. (√)

⑦ The day before yesterday her wallet stole. (×)

Her wallet was stolen the day before yesterday. (√)

三、創(chuàng)設(shè)語(yǔ)言情境，造句有效訓(xùn)練

英語(yǔ)寫作總是離不開常見話題。而針對(duì)某一話題展開的英語(yǔ)寫作，必定離不開一些常用的表達(dá)。如話題“自然(Nature)”，圍繞地震、火災(zāi)、洪水等自然災(zāi)害，有某些常用的描述性詞匯，比如destroy， strick， hit， cause， collapse， lay in ruins， damage， burn down， injury， loss， disaster等。平時(shí)多創(chuàng)設(shè)這些方面的情景，多用這些詞語(yǔ)造句，學(xué)生一定會(huì)有收獲。

如描寫汶川大地震的作文中，學(xué)生有突出表現(xiàn):At 2∶28 on the afternoon of May 12， 2008， an unexpected big earthquake struck Wenchuan county， causing numerous buildings to collapse and leaving thousands of people homeless. The whole city lay in ruins in a few seconds. The economic loss caused by the disaster is beyond imagination.

又如描寫火災(zāi)，學(xué)生也駕輕就熟:A serious fire broke out in a factory in our city last Saturday. It destroyed /burned down a new office building， causing 8 deaths and 40 injuries with an economic loss of as much as $500，000. The cause of the accident is still unknown.

四、進(jìn)行句子合并，表達(dá)更富內(nèi)涵

學(xué)生寫出的句子基本上都是簡(jiǎn)單句，我們可以根據(jù)意思進(jìn)行句子的結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，使簡(jiǎn)單句變成賓語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句等復(fù)合句，這樣表達(dá)的內(nèi)容可以更豐富，強(qiáng)調(diào)性也更強(qiáng)。如學(xué)生可以很快就寫出如下句子:

①He heard that his father was ill.

②He was anxious to go home to see him.

③He went to the station early in the morning to buy a ticket.

④He is always tellling a lie.

⑤This makes us be angry with him.

⑥He is clever.

⑦He works some maths exexercises out quickly.

通過觀察，我們可以將①-③、④-⑤、⑥-⑦等句子進(jìn)行合并:

When he heard that his father was ill， he was anxious to go home to see him， so he went to the station early in the morning to buy a ticket.

He is always telling a lie， which makes us be angry with him.

He is so clever that he can work some maths exercises out quickly.

五、巧用連詞，連句成段

正是由于合理運(yùn)用了連詞，我們才可以欣賞到文章段落的起承轉(zhuǎn)合，渾然一體，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密，邏輯性強(qiáng)。如:

Smokig is not only a bad habit but also bad for the health of smokers themselves and the people who are around them. In fact， many kinds of diseases are caused by smoking， as a result， millions of smokers died from smoking tobacco.

Smoking itself is a waste of money and it costs one so smuch money. Besides， many fires are often caused by careless smokers.

Young people， don’t join the group of people in hospital as well as the group of dying people， because they smoke.

只有在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中熟練掌握這些表示并列、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、對(duì)比、順序等的連詞，在考試寫作中才能靈活運(yùn)用，游刃有余，精彩紛呈。

六、掌握規(guī)律，布局謀篇

大量的可理解的輸入是很重要的，它可以幫助學(xué)生成功地進(jìn)行語(yǔ)言輸出。對(duì)于學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，介紹人物是課標(biāo)要求的必須的寫作任務(wù)，而人教版教材可以提供豐富的寫作參照。例如:

①Charlie Chaplin was born in poverty in 1889 and at that time films were silent.(P 17，M 4，Unit 3)

②Mark Twain was born in Florida and spent his boyhood in Hannibal， Missouri， along the Mississippi River.(P 23，M 3，Unit 3)

③Mark Twain was born in Florida and spent his boyhood in Hannibal， Missouri， along the Mississippi River. Three of his most famous books describe people on this great river... . His writing became famous for its description of common people and the way they talked， but especially for his humour. (P 23，M 3，Unit 3)

句子的基本句式有相同之處，描寫又各具特色，突出了人物的不同特點(diǎn)，有很強(qiáng)的借鑒作用。因此，學(xué)生在考試時(shí)能寫出如下的文章也就不足為奇了:

In May， 1923， Dr. Huo Yingdong was born from a poor family in Hong Kong. At the age of seven， his father died. After 1955， he was engaged in achitecture， shipping， petroleum and became a famous person at home and abroad. Since the beginning of the reform and open policy， he had donated over 10 billion HK dollars to education， culture， sports， public welfare in Mainland. He has made great contributions to constructing and benefiting our country， which makes him a Moving China Hero.

從上面的文章我們可以看到，語(yǔ)言流暢，結(jié)構(gòu)緊密，而且文章中用到的表達(dá)都是常用的詞組、短語(yǔ)。可見，對(duì)于學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，熟能生巧，必有所獲。

責(zé)任編輯魏文琦