高考英語(yǔ)推理判斷類閱讀理解點(diǎn)石成金術(shù)

1．推斷隱含意義

這類題干中通常含有infer， suggest， imply， conclude等標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)。

技巧點(diǎn)撥:①立足已知，推斷未知 ②忠實(shí)原文 ③不要選擇表層信息

Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new home in Tucson， Arizona. He moved there a few years ago， and I was eager to see his now place and meet his friends.

My earliest memories of my father are of a tall， handsome， successful man devoted to his work and family but uncomfortable with his children. As a child I loved him; as a school girl and young adult (成年人) I feared him and felt bitter about him. He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight A’s and unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as “successful” as he was. Whenever I went out with him on weekends， I used to struggle to think up things to say， feeling on guard. (08全國(guó)高考)

57. When the author went out with her father on weekend， she would feel______(A)

A. nervous B. sorry C. tired D. safe

2．推斷作者觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度

說(shuō)明文中作者的態(tài)度：①objective ②neutral

在議論文中有：①positive ②negative ③neutral ④approval ⑤disapproval ⑥indifferent⑦sarcastic⑧critical⑨optimistic⑩pessimistic

技巧點(diǎn)撥：在推理過(guò)程中，應(yīng)特別注意作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞，千萬(wàn)不能主觀臆斷，憑空想象，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。

Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists（心理學(xué)家）suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago， people's lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food， diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival（生存）.

Nowadays， according to many people， life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping.

●The writer of the text has a ____ attitude towards dangerous sports.(C)

A. positive（肯定的）B. negative（否定的）

C. neutral （中立的）D. nervous

3．推斷寫(xiě)作目的

(1)考查整篇文章的寫(xiě)作目的

(2)考查某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫(xiě)作意圖

常見(jiàn)的寫(xiě)作目的歸納

不同的文章可能有不同的寫(xiě)作目的，但寫(xiě)作目的通常有以下四種：

常見(jiàn)于故事類的文章。to make people laugh; to tell an interesting experience

常見(jiàn)于廣告類的文章。to sell a product or a service; to attract more visitors / readers / audience

多見(jiàn)于科普類、新聞報(bào)道類、文化類或社會(huì)類的文章。( to inform)

常見(jiàn)于議論文的文章。闡述觀點(diǎn)（to argue)

The advice provided below will help make sure that the fish you release will survive (存活) to bite again another day.

—When catching a fish， play it quickly and keep the fish in the water as much as possible.

Don’t’ use a net in landing the fish and release it quickly to prevent it from dying.

……

With a little care and by following the suggestions given above， you can give the released fish a better chance of survival. (08全國(guó)高考)

67. What is the purpose of the test?(D)

A. To show how to enjoy fishing.

B. To persuade people to fish less often.

C. To encourage people to set fish free.

D. To give advice on how to release fish.

總結(jié)：

1．推斷隱含意義，必須吃透相關(guān)文段的意思。

2．推斷作者的寫(xiě)作意圖，應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)注主題句，同時(shí)把握文章的體裁也可以推斷作者的寫(xiě)作目的。

3．推斷作者的觀點(diǎn)，應(yīng)當(dāng)全面理解文章的內(nèi)容及文章的中心思想。

4．推斷下文的內(nèi)容，必須特別關(guān)注最后一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是最后的兩三句話。

干擾項(xiàng)及誤區(qū)：

1．短文內(nèi)容的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)，不是推理得出的結(jié)論。

2．與原文相反的內(nèi)容。

3．與常識(shí)相吻合，但文中找不到證據(jù)的。

4．文章沒(méi)有涉及，純屬主觀推斷的結(jié)論。

（作者單位：河南省鄭州市中牟縣第一高級(jí)中學(xué)（西區(qū)））