在課堂上可以讓學(xué)生利用所學(xué)知識針對本課時的話題進行描述,以此來鍛煉他們的語言表達能力,這種以“鞏固知識”為目的的話題描述不僅可以將知識串成整體,有利于學(xué)生整體記憶,還有助于提高學(xué)生的語言組織和運用能力,大大增強口頭表達效果。在語言表達時,不僅要讓說者(學(xué)生)有話可說,還要說得有條理,說得清晰,關(guān)鍵在于教師合理的指導(dǎo)。
一、范例解析式
如《牛津小學(xué)英語5B》(譯林版,下同) Unit 9 The English club的E部分教學(xué),課文呈現(xiàn)了以My classmate Jim為題的一篇短文,我對本范例就語言組織安排做了解析:
Jim【name】is my classmate. He lives in China,but he is from England【nationality】. His father is from England and his mother is from Japan. They speak English and Japanese【language】. Jim’s father teaches English in a primary school. He likes teaching. Jim’s mother does not work. She is a housewife. She does all the cooking and cleaning. She likes writing stories. She often talks to her Chinese friends and writes stories about them. Jim likes Chinese very much. 【hobby】He learns Chinese from me and I learn English from him. 【relationship between Jim and me(learn from each other)】We go to school and go home together.【things we do together】We are good friends.
通過上面的圖例講解,學(xué)生對于話題My classmate可以從哪方面著手描述一目了然。在教師的提問引導(dǎo)下,學(xué)生補充了還可以從age,looks(外貌),school,subject等方面描述人物的知識,使描述主題更突出,語言更豐滿,人物更形象。
二、問題串聯(lián)式
再如5A Unit 8 A camping trip的復(fù)習(xí)部分有一篇關(guān)于Toys的小短文,我在教學(xué)時就把目標(biāo)設(shè)定為:通過短文的學(xué)習(xí),在教師的指導(dǎo)下,結(jié)合前后內(nèi)容,學(xué)生能夠流利地說說自己喜歡的玩具。具體過程我就以“提出問題——串聯(lián)成文”的方式展開:
T:Today Miss Pan brings her favorite toy here. Do you want to know what it is?You can ask me some questions.(多媒體可以提示主要提問句式:Is it...?Does it have...?Can it...?)
S:根據(jù)多媒體的提示,展開大腦風(fēng)暴,提問參與。
T:教師根據(jù)學(xué)生的提問作出回答并及時板書It is...It has...It can...,列舉玩具的特征。
T:Look,boys and girls,my favorite toy is a dog. Do you like my toy dog?
Ss:Yes,I do.
T:How is my toy dog?
S:看著板書提示,在教師的指引下有序地描述玩具。
T:Do you have any favorite toys?
Ss:Yes,I do.
T:Can you say something about your favorite toy now?指導(dǎo)學(xué)生從三方面描述:First you can tell us what your favorite toy is. And then,you can say something about its color,size and distinguishing features(它的顏色、大小、各部位的特征以及它能干什么). At last,you can say out your feelings,just like:I like it very much.Every day,I play with it. It makes me very happy....
教師可以通過設(shè)疑激起學(xué)生的層層問題,最終在教師的引導(dǎo)下串起所有的問題形成短篇,在這個過程中,學(xué)生自然而然、層層深入地學(xué)習(xí),在運用語言的同時英語思維能力及組織語言的能力得到提高。
三、故事引導(dǎo)式
如5A Unit 9 Shapes B和C部分,教學(xué)重點是一些關(guān)于圖形的單詞和句型What shape is it?It’s a...其中圖形單詞比較長,學(xué)生很難讀好,用單一句型問答,教學(xué)顯得比較枯燥。為了讓學(xué)生較有興趣地參與學(xué)習(xí),我在教學(xué)時給內(nèi)容加設(shè)情景,進行再構(gòu),形成一個學(xué)生耳熟能詳?shù)墓适翯u Dong is coming,依次引出不同圖形及句型的教學(xué),最后引導(dǎo)學(xué)生試著講述這個故事:
One day,the rabbit is playing near the river.Suddenly,there’s a noise“Gu Dong”. The rabbit is very afraid. She runs and shouts,“Help!Help!Gu Dong is coming!”She meets a lion,the lion asks,“What shape is it?”The rabbit says,“It’s a circle.”She meets a dog,the dog asks,“What shape is it?”The rabbit says,“It’s a star.”She meets a duck and the duck asks,“What shape is it?”The rabbit says,“It’s a diamond. ”... At last they find it’s a papaya.
通過引導(dǎo)學(xué)生講述故事,把單一的句型問答融入趣味盎然的情境中,使得“句型的反復(fù)”有了“別樣的趣味”,教學(xué)內(nèi)容融成整體,學(xué)生的熱情持續(xù)高漲,他們愉悅地參與教學(xué),把接受的新知有條理地進行表達,學(xué)習(xí)效果得到提高。
(作者單位:江蘇省江陰市城中實驗小學(xué))