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抑郁對冠心病患者生存質量和運動耐力的影響

2014-04-01 07:49:07倪奕王樂民沈玉芹車琳張啟萍李廣
心腦血管病防治 2014年1期
關鍵詞:抑郁

倪奕+王樂民+沈玉芹+車琳+張啟萍+李廣鶴

[摘 要] 目的 探討抑郁對冠心病(CHD)患者生存質量?運動耐

力的影響程度?

方法 131例CHD患者由本人獨立填寫完成貝克抑郁自評量表(BDI)和簡明

健康測量量表(SF_36)?根據BDI評分將患者分為抑郁組(n=34)?非抑郁組(n=97)并

分別行心肺運動試驗(CPET)?

結果 (1)131例CHD患者SF_36各維度均低于中國常模,除社會功能外各

維度有顯著差異(P<0.01),抑郁組CHD患者SF_36各維度得分均低于非抑郁組患者,

除生理功能?生理職能外各維度有顯著差異(P<0.05,或P<0.01)?(2)抑

郁組CHD患者CPET結果中峰值氧耗量(VO2peak)?無氧代謝閾值氧耗量(VO2AT)?無氧代

謝閾值負荷(LoadAT)均低于非抑郁組,分別為VO2peak:(17.3±1.7)ml·kg-

1·m

in-1比(18.6±2.9)ml·kg-1·min-1,P<0.05;VO2AT:(12.

0±1.7)ml·kg-1·min-1比(13.2±2.2)ml·kg-1·min-1

P<0.01;LoadAT:(30.7±11.4)J·s-1比(36.0±13.9)J·s-1

,P<

0.05?(3)CHD患者SF_36與運動耐力有相關性(P<0.05);SF_36各維度得分

與BDI評分有顯著負相關性(P<0.05);BDI評分與CPET結果中VO2peak?VO2AT?

LoadAT有顯著負相關性(P<0.05)?

結論 合并抑郁的冠心病患者生存質量和運動耐力下降,抑郁與冠心病患

者生存質量和運動耐力密切相關?

[關鍵詞] 冠狀動脈疾病;抑郁;生存質量;運動耐力;心肺運動試

中圖分類號:R541.4

文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1009_816X

(2014)01_0005_04

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009_816x.2014.01.03

Effects of Depression on Quality of Life and Exercise Tolerance in Patients with

Coronary Heart Disease.

NI Yi, WANG Le_min, SHEN Yu_qin, et al. Department of cardiology, Tingyi Hos

pital, Shanghai 200065,China

[Abstract] Objective To explore effects of depression on quali

ty of life and exercise toler

ance in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods 131 patients with C

HD completed Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the MOS 36_ Item Short_From Hea

lth survey(SF_36)independently. According to the scores of BDI, the patients

were divided into depression group (n=34) and non_depression group (n=97). Both

groups were given cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).

Results (1) Compared with Chinese norms, the scores on all subsc

ales of SF_ 36 in 131 patients with CHD were lower, and there were sign

ificant differences on all subscales of SF_36 except that related to social func

tion (P<0.01). Furthermore, the scores on all subscales of SF_36 in depr

ession

group were lower than non_depression group, there were significant differences

on all subscales of SF_36 except those related to physical function and physi

cal role (P<0.05, or P<0.01). (2) The peak oxygen consumption (VO

2peak:), thres

hold of oxygen consumption of anaerobic metabolism (VO2AT), threshold anaerobi

c metabolism load (LoadAT) in depression group were lower than those in no

n_depression. VO2peak:(17.3±1.7)ml·kg-1·min-1 vs. (18.6

±2.9)ml·kg-1·min-1, P<0.05; VO2AT:(12.0±1.7)ml·kg

-1·min-1 vs.(13.2±2.2)ml·kg-1·min-1,P<0.01;

LoadAT:(30.7±11.4)J·s-1 vs.(36.0±13.9)J·s-1,P<0

.05.(3)

In patients with CHD, the scores of SF_36 and exercise tolerance were significan

tly correlated (P<0.05); the scores on all subscales of SF_36 measured by B

DI were significantly negatively correlated (P<

0.05); the

scores measured by BDI and VO2peak, VO2AT, LoadAT during CPET were sig

nificantly negatively correlated (P<0.05).

Conclusions Quality of life and exercise toler

ance of patients with CHD complicating depression decreased severely, and qualit

y of life and exercise tolerance closely related to depression.

[Key words] Coronary heart disease; Depression; Quality of lif

e; Exercise tolerance; Cardiopulmonary exercise test

冠狀動脈粥樣硬化性心臟病(coronary heart disease,CHD),簡稱冠心病,是一種公

認的心身疾病,其發生?發展以及預后均和心理社會因素有著密切的聯系[1~3]?

國外研究

發現,冠心病患者心血管系統功能易受精神因素的影響,抑郁?焦慮等負性情緒在冠心病患

者中普遍存在[4]?其中抑郁情緒自20年前開始就被認為是冠心病獨立的危險因素

,近15年

來抑郁還被認為是導致冠心病死亡的危險因素[5]?本研究初步探究抑郁情緒對冠

心病患者生存質量?運動耐力的影響,為冠心病患者系統性康復提供依據?

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料:研究對象為2012年12月至2013年7月,在同濟醫院心內科接受治

療并進行康復的131例冠心病患者,經心肌同位素檢測?超聲心動圖,或冠狀動脈造影確診

為冠心病?心功能NYHA分級Ⅱ~Ⅲ級?患者無智力障礙,有認知能力,語言清晰,能較好地

進行語言溝通,并排除既往

有神經精神疾病史?嚴重認知功能障礙及檢查不合作者?小學文化程度以下患者?131例患

者中男103人,女28人;年齡40~70(57.3±7.5)歲?患者一般資料構成情況見表1?

所有患者試驗前均經介紹研究流程,簽訂知情同意書?本研究通過同濟大學附屬同濟醫院倫

理委員會審批,倫理委員會批件文號為LL(H)_08_13,并在中國臨床試驗中心注冊?

1.2 方法:

1.2.1 調查方法:使用自制的調查表,由本研究第一作者對被調查者實施面訪?調查內

容包括患者的基本情況:姓名?性別?出生年月?文化程度?職業?婚姻?診斷?病史及

BMI等?由患者本人在安靜環境下獨立填寫完成貝克抑郁自評量表(BDI)[6]:BDI

對每個問題做出0到3的評分?總分為0~39分?總分

≤4分,無抑郁或極輕

微;5~13分,輕度抑郁;14~20分,中度抑郁;≥21分,重度抑郁?將131例患者中BDI評

分≥5分的34例定為抑郁組,<5分的97例定為無抑郁組?兩組患者均獨立填寫完成由美國波

士頓健康研究所研制的簡明健康測量量表(SF_36)[7]:包括36個條目,分為8個維度

,分別為生理功能(PF)?生理職能(RP)?軀體疼痛(BP)?總體健康(GH)?活力(VT)?社會功

能(SF)?情感職能(RE)和精神健康(MH)?生活質量各維度分值記分方法運用累加法

,按最后分值計算原始分數,再用標準公式計算轉換分數為0~100的標準分?得分越高,

生存質量越好?

1.2.2 CPET:心肺運動試驗(cardiopulmonary exercise test,CPET)包括心電圖負荷

試驗和運動時氣體代謝分析?采用的儀器包括丹麥Innovision公司生產的氣體再呼吸系統?

美國通用公司生產的運動測試系統負荷Ramp10方案,患者試驗開始后的每一次呼出的氣體均

被氣體再呼吸系統連續監測?無氧代謝閾值氧耗量(VO2AT)用V_slope方法判定?所有受

試者均能耐受心肺運動試驗,無1例出現明顯的不良反應?

1.3 統計學處理:采用SPSS 21.0軟件進行統計分析,計量資料均以(

3 討論

冠心病是常見的心血管系統疾病,隨著人們生活水平的提高和生活方式的改變,其發病率和

病死率呈迅速上升趨勢,現已成為中國居民死因增速最快的疾病[9]?冠心病具有

遷延不愈?反復發作的特征,而抑郁作為冠心病獨立的危險因素,不僅與冠心病的發生?發

展有著密切的聯系,還會影響冠心病的預后,降低患者的生存時間和生存質量[10]

?

Belardinelli等[11]報道118例經皮冠狀動脈介入(PCI)治療的冠心病患者進

行為期6月的運動康復?術后血管再狹窄率沒有受運動康復的影響,但訓練組的患者峰值耗

氧量增加26%,生活質量參數提高27%?Swardfager等[12]報道366例冠心病康復患

者中

輕度抑郁占22.3%,明顯抑郁占10.4%,6.3%的患者服用抗抑郁藥?與抑郁積分的相關預

測因素為低VO2peak?低年齡?女性?低最大舒張壓?心絞痛和服用抗抑郁藥?

VO2peak和VO2AT是運動耐力最常用的指標,VO2pea

k的下降與氧傳輸(心排量?血液攜氧能力)?肺通氣效率?組織攝氧能力?肌肉骨骼功能

有關,VO2peak的減少說明運動耐力下降?在臨床試驗中,由于主?客觀因素,導致患

者不能或不愿執行最大運動試驗量,而VO2AT?VE/VCO2等指標可以從亞極量運動試驗

中得出,因此VO2peak結合VO2AT?VE/VCO2評價

運動耐力更為客觀?

本研究共納入131例冠心病患者?研究發現,冠心病患者的生存質量下降,而且抑郁組冠心

病患者生存質量較非抑郁組患者進一步下降,通過相關分析證實冠心病患者生存質量與運動

耐力密切相關?在相關分析中我們同樣證實,抑郁對冠心病患者的生存質量有重要影響,本

研究與國內外相關研究的結論

一致?我們還發現抑郁組冠心病患者運動耐力低于非抑郁組患者,并且通過相關分

析證實抑郁與冠心病患者運動耐力密切相關?本研究中,冠心病患者中抑郁的發

病率為26%,明顯高于正常人群中抑郁的發病率,本研究結果也與國內外其他類似研究結果

相一致?

歐美發達國家在20世紀80?90年代已經率先開展以運動療法為核心的心臟康復,心臟康復能

夠明顯改善患者運動耐力?降低心血管疾病死亡率?提高患者的生活質量[13]?國

內外學者

的很多研究也證實,以運動訓練?心理干預和教育督導等方式為主的心臟康復可從多種途徑

有效地改善冠心病患者的抑郁?焦慮情緒,從而使患者獲得最大的治療效益[14]?

以CPET為評估方法的心臟有氧運動康復,在我國剛剛起步,運動康復對于冠心病患者的負性

情緒?生存質量?運動耐力的改善,無疑為心臟病患者生活質量的提高帶來福音?

參考文獻

[1]Chou KL. Reciprocal relationship between pain and depression in old

er adults: evidence from the English longitudinal study of ageing[J]. J Affec

t Disord,2007,102(1_3):115-123.

[2]De SA, Lavie CJ, Milani RV. Relative importance of comorbid psychological

symptoms in patients with depressive symptom sfollowing phase II cardiac rehabi

litation[J]. Postgrad Med,2011,123(6):72-78.

[3]Turner A, Phillips L, Hambridge JA, et al. Clinical outcomes associated

with depression, anxiety and social support among cardiac rehabilitation attend

ees[J]. Aust N Z J Psychiatry,2010,44(7):658-666.

[4]Gallagher R, McKinley S. Anxiety, depression and perceived control in pati

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[5]Nader Monirpooraa, Mohammad Ali Besharatbb, Helen Khoosficc, et al. T

he role o

f illness perception in predicting post_CHD depression in patients under CABG an

d PCI[J]. Procedia_Social and Behavioral Sciences,2012,32:74-78.

[6]張明圓.精神科評定量表手冊[M].第1版.長沙:湖南科學技術出版社,1998:35-133.

[7]Ware JE, Snow KK, Kosinski M. SF_36Health Survey: Manu_al and Interpretat

ion Guide[M]. Boston,MA: The Health Institute, New England Medical Center,

1993:5-224.

[8]王紅妹,李魯,沈毅.中文版SF_36量表用于杭州市區居民生命質量研究[J].中華預

防醫學雜志,2001,35(6):428-430.

[9]Moran A, Zhao D, Gu D, et al. The future impact of population growth and

aging on comnar3,heart disease in China:projections from the Coronary Heart Di

sease Policy Model_China[J]. BMC Public Health,2008,8:394.

[10]Dudek D, Datka W, Iwek MS, et al. The quality of life related to depres

sive symptoms in coronary artery disease patients after successful coronary angi

oplasty: one_year follow up[J]. Psychiatr Pol,2007,41(2):229-242.

[11]Belardinelli R, Paolini I, Cianci G, et al. Exercise training intervention

after coronary angioplasty: the ETICA trial[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2001,37(

7):1891-1900.

[12]Swardfager W, Herrmann N, Dowiati Y, et al. Relationship between cardiop

ul_monary fitness and depressive symptoms in cardiac rehabilitation patients wit

h coronary artery disease[J]. J Rehabil Med,2008,40(3):213-218.

[13]Balady GJ, Williams MA, Ades PA, et al. Core components cardiac rehabil

itation/secondary prevention progams: 2007 update: a scientific statement form

the American Heart Association Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Preventi

on Committee, the Council on Clinical Cardiology; the Councils on Cardiovascul

ar Nursing, Epidemiology and Prevention, and Nutrition, Physical Activity, a

nd Metabolism; and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Reh

abilitation Circulation[J].Circulation,2007,115(20):2675-2682.

[14]馬躍文,劉暢.心臟康復對于冠心病患者抑郁?焦慮情緒改善的研究進展[J].中國

康復理論與實踐,2012,18(2):141-143.

2396.

[5]Nader Monirpooraa, Mohammad Ali Besharatbb, Helen Khoosficc, et al. T

he role o

f illness perception in predicting post_CHD depression in patients under CABG an

d PCI[J]. Procedia_Social and Behavioral Sciences,2012,32:74-78.

[6]張明圓.精神科評定量表手冊[M].第1版.長沙:湖南科學技術出版社,1998:35-133.

[7]Ware JE, Snow KK, Kosinski M. SF_36Health Survey: Manu_al and Interpretat

ion Guide[M]. Boston,MA: The Health Institute, New England Medical Center,

1993:5-224.

[8]王紅妹,李魯,沈毅.中文版SF_36量表用于杭州市區居民生命質量研究[J].中華預

防醫學雜志,2001,35(6):428-430.

[9]Moran A, Zhao D, Gu D, et al. The future impact of population growth and

aging on comnar3,heart disease in China:projections from the Coronary Heart Di

sease Policy Model_China[J]. BMC Public Health,2008,8:394.

[10]Dudek D, Datka W, Iwek MS, et al. The quality of life related to depres

sive symptoms in coronary artery disease patients after successful coronary angi

oplasty: one_year follow up[J]. Psychiatr Pol,2007,41(2):229-242.

[11]Belardinelli R, Paolini I, Cianci G, et al. Exercise training intervention

after coronary angioplasty: the ETICA trial[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2001,37(

7):1891-1900.

[12]Swardfager W, Herrmann N, Dowiati Y, et al. Relationship between cardiop

ul_monary fitness and depressive symptoms in cardiac rehabilitation patients wit

h coronary artery disease[J]. J Rehabil Med,2008,40(3):213-218.

[13]Balady GJ, Williams MA, Ades PA, et al. Core components cardiac rehabil

itation/secondary prevention progams: 2007 update: a scientific statement form

the American Heart Association Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Preventi

on Committee, the Council on Clinical Cardiology; the Councils on Cardiovascul

ar Nursing, Epidemiology and Prevention, and Nutrition, Physical Activity, a

nd Metabolism; and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Reh

abilitation Circulation[J].Circulation,2007,115(20):2675-2682.

[14]馬躍文,劉暢.心臟康復對于冠心病患者抑郁?焦慮情緒改善的研究進展[J].中國

康復理論與實踐,2012,18(2):141-143.

2396.

[5]Nader Monirpooraa, Mohammad Ali Besharatbb, Helen Khoosficc, et al. T

he role o

f illness perception in predicting post_CHD depression in patients under CABG an

d PCI[J]. Procedia_Social and Behavioral Sciences,2012,32:74-78.

[6]張明圓.精神科評定量表手冊[M].第1版.長沙:湖南科學技術出版社,1998:35-133.

[7]Ware JE, Snow KK, Kosinski M. SF_36Health Survey: Manu_al and Interpretat

ion Guide[M]. Boston,MA: The Health Institute, New England Medical Center,

1993:5-224.

[8]王紅妹,李魯,沈毅.中文版SF_36量表用于杭州市區居民生命質量研究[J].中華預

防醫學雜志,2001,35(6):428-430.

[9]Moran A, Zhao D, Gu D, et al. The future impact of population growth and

aging on comnar3,heart disease in China:projections from the Coronary Heart Di

sease Policy Model_China[J]. BMC Public Health,2008,8:394.

[10]Dudek D, Datka W, Iwek MS, et al. The quality of life related to depres

sive symptoms in coronary artery disease patients after successful coronary angi

oplasty: one_year follow up[J]. Psychiatr Pol,2007,41(2):229-242.

[11]Belardinelli R, Paolini I, Cianci G, et al. Exercise training intervention

after coronary angioplasty: the ETICA trial[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2001,37(

7):1891-1900.

[12]Swardfager W, Herrmann N, Dowiati Y, et al. Relationship between cardiop

ul_monary fitness and depressive symptoms in cardiac rehabilitation patients wit

h coronary artery disease[J]. J Rehabil Med,2008,40(3):213-218.

[13]Balady GJ, Williams MA, Ades PA, et al. Core components cardiac rehabil

itation/secondary prevention progams: 2007 update: a scientific statement form

the American Heart Association Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Preventi

on Committee, the Council on Clinical Cardiology; the Councils on Cardiovascul

ar Nursing, Epidemiology and Prevention, and Nutrition, Physical Activity, a

nd Metabolism; and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Reh

abilitation Circulation[J].Circulation,2007,115(20):2675-2682.

[14]馬躍文,劉暢.心臟康復對于冠心病患者抑郁?焦慮情緒改善的研究進展[J].中國

康復理論與實踐,2012,18(2):141-143.

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